Verse:Irta/English

English
Inglish
Pronunciation	[/ˈɪŋglɪʃ/]
Created by	–
Setting	Verse:Lõis
Language family	Indo-European Acholic L-Middle English English

English in the Lõis timeline is an Indo-European language with pretty much exactly the same vocabulary and grammar as our English, but with a very different (in particular not descending from Proto-Germanic) history and orthography.

It is part of a sprachbund with Togarmite, Modern An Bhlaoighne and L-Persian.

Orthography

uon, tô, thrê, phuor, phîv, six, sevn, aiht, nyn, ten

O Captin! My Captin! ûr phiêrphul trip is dôn;
Ðe ship has weđrd evrih rac, đe prise uê suht is wun;
Ðe port is niêr, đe bels ih hiêr, đe pơpul al exsulting,
Huîl pholo eihs đe stedih kêl, đe vessl grim and dâring;
But O hart! hart! hart!
O đe blêding drops of red,
Huer on đe dec my captin lihs,
Phalen cold and diêd.

pelth₂óm > PPTA pheldă > phêld "field"

Accents

There are 4 to 5 main dialects of English.

L-Standard English

Californian + RP. Rhoticity in idiolectal or free variation.

Vowels

• KIT = ɪ~ɪ̈
• DRESS = ɛ̞
• TRAP = BATH = a
• PALM = ɑː
• FOOT = ɘ
• STRUT = ɜ̟~ɐ
• LOT = CLOTH = ɔ~ɒ
• THOUGHT = ɔː~ɒː
• FLEECE = iː~ɪj
• FACE = eɪ
• PRICE = aɪ~ɑɪ
• GOOSE = yː; uː before [ɫ]
• GOAT = əʊ~əʏ; oʊ before [ɫ]
• MOUTH = aʊ~æʊ~æʏ
• NEAR = ɪə(r)
• SQUARE = ɛə(r)
• NURSE = əː(r)~ɜː(r)
• START = ɑː(r)
• NORTH = FORCE = POOR = oə(r)
• CURE = joə(r)~jəː(r)~jɜː(r)
• lettER = commA = ə(r)
• happY = i
• orange = [ɒɹɪndʒ~ɔɹɪndʒ]
• Mary [mɛəɹi] ≈ merry [mɛɹi] ≠ marry [maɹi]
• Mirror-nearer distinction
• Hurry-furry distinction
• No mergers before /l/

Consonants

• L is light [l] before vowels and dark [ɫ] otherwise, as in RP.
  • wholly-holy split.
• No glottal reinforcement before stops.
• /p t k/ are unaspirated after stressed syllables as in AmE.
• /d t/ has a tapped [ɾ] allophone in similar environments as in American English.
• wine-whine merger optional.

Ashkenazi Hebrew+Cockney accent

spoken by Jewish Anglophones in Lõis

• KIT = ɪ
• DRESS = ɛ
• TRAP = BATH = a
• PALM = ɑː
• FOOT = STRUT = ʏ
• LOT = CLOTH = THOUGHT = o
• FLEECE = iː
• FACE = ɛɪ~æɪ
• PRICE = ɑɪ~ɒɪ
• GOOSE = uː
• GOAT = CHOICE = oɪ~øʏ
• MOUTH = aʏ~aʊ
• NEAR = FLEECE + ʀ
• SQUARE = FACE + ʀ
• NURSE = əʀ
• START = TRAP + ʀ
• NORTH = LOT + ʀ (the "horse" vowel)
• FORCE = GOAT + ʀ (the "hoarse" vowel; the "or" in "Torah" is pronounced this way)
• POOR = GOOSE + ʀ
• CURE = juʀ
• lettER = əʀ
• commA = ə
• happY = i
• Mary [mɛɪʀi] ≠ merry [mɛʀi] ≠ marry [maʀi]
• mirror [mɪʀəʀ] ≠ nearer [niʀəʀ]
• hurry [hʏʀɪ] ≠ furry [fəʀɪ]
• /l/ is always light
• /r/ = [ʀ~ʁ]
• /θ/ and /t/ merge, Irish style spirantized /t/

[ol hu:mən bijənz əʀ boʀən fʀi: ən i:kwəl ɪn dɪgnɪθ̱i ən ʀɑɪts. ðɛɪ əʀ ɪndaʏd wið ʀi:zən ən konʃəns ən ʃʏd akt toʀds won ənʏðəʀ ɪn ə spɪʀɪθ̱ əv bʀʏðəχʏd]

The pronunciation of Hebrew words is similar to that in Yiddish or Modern L-Hebrew:

• Seder [ˈsɛɪdəʀ~ˈsɛɪdɛʀ]
• Torah [ˈtoɪʀə~toɪˈʀo]
• Shabbat [ʃaˈboθ̠~ˈʃabəθ̱]

A rhotic accent

Rhotic with R-colored vowels using uvular r

• KIT = [ɪ],
• DRESS = [ɛ] (but it gets raised before fricatives),
• TRAP = [a] usually, /ɔ:/ before nasals
• LOT merges with TRAP
• THOUGHT = [uə]
• GOAT = [oə]
• FOOT = STRUT = [ɨ]
• GOOSE = [y]
• PRICE = [ei] before fricatives, [ae] otherwise
• MOUTH = [ou] before fricatives, [ɑo] otherwise
• FLEECE = Viby-i
• FACE = [iɛ]
• PALM = [a]

A pre-Grimm accent

Inspiration: Korean accent

• /f θ h hw/ = [pʰ tʰ h~x xw]
• /p t k/ = unaspirated stops
• /tʃ dʒ/ = [t͡ɕ d͡ʑ]
• /v/ = [b~β]
• /r/ = [ɾ~ɹ]
• /ð/ = [d~ð]
• /ʃ/ = [sx~sʰ]
• FLEECE = i:
• FACE = e:
• GOOSE = ü:
• GOAT = o:~o̝:
• PALM = a:
• THOUGHT = NORTH = FORCE = ʌ:
• CHOICE = oi
• PRICE = aɪ
• MOUTH = aʊ
• KIT = i
• DRESS = e
• TRAP = ɛ
• PALM = BATH = a:
• LOT = ʌ
• FOOT/STRUT = u
• NURSE = ɚ:
• START = a:
• SQUARE = e:ə
• NEAR = i:ə
• POOR = u:ə
• CURE = ju:ə

Yod-coalescence, with /tj dj θj sj/ = [t͡ɕ d͡ʑ t͡ɕʰ ɕ]

BATH occurs for L-Standard English /a/ when Korean commonly transcribes the English word as /a/:

• chance /t͡ɕa:ns/ but dance /dɛns/
• plant /pla:nt/

An "Old English" accent

• CHOICE = œɪ
• PRICE = ɑ:
• MOUTH = æ:ɑ
• PALM = æ:
• FACE = æɪ
• GOAT = e:o
• THOUGHT = ɔ:
• FLEECE = i:
• GOOSE = u:
  • /ju:/ = y:
• FERN = FIR = ør~yr (also MERRY and MIRROR)
• FUR = ʊr (also HURRY)
• NURSE, FORCE = e:or~ø:r
• NORTH = ɔ:r
• NEAR = CURE = iur~y:r
• POOR = u:r
• SQUARE = e:r
• TRAP = ɑ, æɑ before /l r/ (also START and MARRY)
• DRESS = ɛ, eo~œ before /l/
• KIT = ɪ, ɪʊ~ʏ before /l/
• LOT = ɔ
• FOOT = STRUT = ʊ