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Soc'ul'/Test Case Sentences
Aí-tum
CL1>CL1-shine
tumyan.
sun
The sun shines.
Ji
CONT
aí-tum
CL1>CL1-shine
tumyan.
sun
The sun is shining.
Aí-tum
CL1>CL1-shine
tumyan.
sun
The sun shone.
Uc'
SUBJ
aí-tum
CL1>CL1-shine
tumyan.
sun
The sun will shine.
Miu
PROG
aí-tum
CL1>CL1-shine
tumyan.
sun
The sun has been shining.
Aí-tum
CL1>CL1-shine
tum
REDUP
tumyan.
sun
The sun is shining again.
Aí-tum
CL1>CL1-shine
tumyan
sun
lecla
tomorrow
eý.
at
The sun will shine tomorrow.
Aí-tum
CL1>CL1-shine
hez'i
advz
tumad
bright
tumyan.
sun
The sun shines brightly.
Aí-tum
CL1>CL1-shine
tumyan
sun
tumad.
bright
The bright sun shines.
Ji
CONT
aí-cuj
CL1>CL1-rise
tumyan.
sun
The sun is rising now.
Aí
shout
co
person
jutxux.
all
All the people shouted.
Aí
shout
co
person
ā.
some
Some of the people shouted.
Aí
shout
ej
two
co
person
cuder.
many
Many of the people shouted twice.
Aí
shout
lai
HAB
cou
person.PL
aico.
happy
Happy people often shout.
Añ'-ñ'alzi
CL4>CL4-jump
añ'-cuz
CL4>CL4-go.up
maúx.
kitten
The kitten jumped up.
Añ'-ñ'alzi
CL4>CL4-jump
maúx
kitten
auzil
table
je.
to
The kitten jumped onto the table.
Añ'-r'u
CL4>CL4-walk
xenuz
away from
maúx
kitten
xeuád
small
en.
1.POSS
My little kitten walked away.
Ji
CONT
cuzad-z'i.
rain-VBZ
It's raining.
U-r'úz
CL4>CL4-come
muz
go.down
cuzad.
rain
The rain came down.
Ji
CONT
añ'-iux
CL4>CL4-play
maúx
kitten
cuzad
rain
eý.
in
The kitten is playing in the rain.
Coi
TERM
cuzad.
rain
The rain has stopped.
Cuc'
TERM.SUBJ
hez'i
advz
xil
short time
cuzad.
rain
Soon the rain will stop.
Sec-c'ual-z'i
1>1-hope-VBZ
āh-coi
REL-TERM
hez'i
advz
xil
short time
cuzad.
rain
I hope the rain stops soon.
En
PFV
añ'-il
CL4>CL4-live
hez'i
advz
al'a
long time
ux
wild animal
jál
DEM
eý.
at
Once wild animals lived here.
Uc'zi
look
ne
around
hez'i
advz
suiad.
slow
Slowly she looked around.
Coz-ñéz
2>2-leave
ñéz!
REDUP
Go away!
Sec-r'u
1>1-go
r'u!
REDUP
Let's go!
Uc'
SUBJ
coz-r'u
2>2-go
You should go.
Uc'
SUBJ
sec-r'u
1>1-go
hez'i
advz
aico.
happy
I will be happy to go.
Ñéi
arrive
hez'i
advz
xil.
short time
He will arrive soon.
Miu
PROG
u-ýem
CL5>CL5-roll
xenuz
away from
xeuaidi
ball
nál'
baby
nil.
CL3.POSS
The baby's ball has rolled away.
Ji
CONT
suílai
work
hez'i
advz
jál
one
cē
boy
ej.
two
The two boys are working together.
Cuc'
TERM.SUBJ
aí-ñéz
CL1>CL1-leave
hez'i
advz
xadi
probably
jál
DEM
cum'ay.
mist
This mist will probably clear away.
Ji
CONT
añ'-miūj
CL4>CL4-grow
jutxux
all
eý
at
n'ehx
flower
cual.
good
Lovely flowers are growing everywhere.
Uc'
SUBJ
sec-ú
1>1-eat
hez'i
advz
suiad
slow
suiad.
REDUP
We should eat more slowly.
Coz-r'úz
2>2-come
hez'i
advz
xil
short time
cuder' cuder'.
too much
You have come too soon.
Coz-xeý
2>2-need
coz-xañ'
2>2-write
hez'i
advz
ats
neat
ats.
REDUP
You must write more neatly.
Aí-eylac
CL1>CL1-stand
xeuayan
xeuayan
n'el'
wonderful
aum'ay
opposite side
eý.
at
Directly opposite stands a wonderful xeuayan.
Añ'-ýeu-(i)ý
CL4>CL4-lose-PASS
ai
dog
Ñēyñ'o.
Ñēyñ'o
Ñēyñ'o's dog is lost.
Añ'-cur-jí
CL4>CL4-black-ADJ.VBZ
mau
cat
en.
1.POSS
My cat is black.
Cur-(i)ý
break-PASS
xeú
doll
t'uál
girl
có
young
nu.
CL2.POSS
The little girl's doll is broken.
Sec-laidzi
1>1-sleep
lai
HAB
hez'i
advz
mau.
quiet
I usually sleep soundly.
Neji
run
cō
child.PL
Mutsuaziu
Mutsuaziu
je.
to
The children ran after Mutsuaziu.
C'e
abil
sec-iux
1>1-play
heit
after
ñóc'
school
eý.
CIRC
I can play after school.
Cu-r'u
1>CL5-go
juño
village
āh-sec-r'ūño
REL-1>1-visit
je.
for
We went to the village for a visit.
Sec-ñéi
1>1-arrive
jenyan'.
river
We arrived at the river.
Miu
PROG
soc-ūts.
1>2-wait
I have been waiting for you.
Muz
sit
tníruē
camper.PL
xemux
fire
ne.
around
The campers sat around the fire.
Muz
sit
t'uál
girl
có
young
hé
adjz
maúx
kitten
ne
with
syen
COP.1>1
ne.
near
A little girl with a kitten sat near me.
Ūts
wait
có
child
ñéiad
door
eý
at
cóc
father
hé
CL2.INAL
je.
for
The child waited at the door for her father.
Ýeu
lose
hez'i
advz
lepm
yesterday
t'uál
girl
nálco
old
nálco
REDUP
juño
village
eý
in
maúx
kitten
nu.
CL2.POSS
Yesterday the oldest girl in the village lost her kitten.
Xen
Q
coz-nál'az-(i)ý
2>2-bear-PASS
jál
DEM
juño
village
eý?
in
Were you born in this village?
C'en
Q.abil
coz-ñ'alai
2>2-dance
cual
well
céux?
brother
Can your brother dance well?
Xen
Q
ñéz
leave
cé?
man
Did the man leave?
Jin
Q.CONT
coz-r'úz
2>2-come
cén'ál
sister
cozen
COP.2>2
je?
for
Is your sister coming for you?
C'en
Q.abil
coz-r'úz
2>2-come
hez'i
advz
lecla?
tomorrow
Can you come tomorrow?
Miu
PROG
ñéz
leave
noc'ou
neighbor.PL
l'aújjen
wet season
eý?
at
Have the neighbors gone away for the wet season?
Xen
Q
añ'-sutx
CL4>CL4-sing
buri
robin
cuzad
rain
eý?
in
Does the robin sing in the rain?
Jin
Q.CONT
cor-r'u
2>1-go
entacin
performance
eý?
at
Are you going with us to the performance?
Xen
Q
coz-xeyzi
2>2-travel
lai
EXP
uasad
jungle
eý?
in
Have you ever travelled in the jungle?
Sec-r'úvni
1>1-sail
sec-lazyi
1>1-go.downhill
hez'i
advz
riyxiyan
riyxiyan
cuder
several
jenyan'.
river
We sailed down the river for several riyxiyan.
Hu-c'uai
CL2>CL5-know
jutxux
all
ez'e
NZ
utx.
hunt
Everybody knows about hunting.
R'uz
INCH
sec-r'u
1>1-go
hez'i
advz
julzidum
morning
tumyan
sunny
éād'
mountain.PL
je
to
coz
TERM.res
āhun'
REL-COP.CL5>CL5
heit
after
l'aújdiyem
dry season
eý.
CIRC
On a sunny morning after the dry season ended we started for the mountains.
Hu-lēl
CL3>CL5-laugh
Jejal
Jejal
hepmad
trick
hian
monkey
nu.
CL2.POSS
Jejal laughed at the monkey's tricks.
Eylac
stand
cuc'
old man
riiad'
walking stick
ne
with
myu
side
réúia
fence
eý.
at
An old man with a walking stick stood beside the fence.
Nu-mayai
CL3>CL5-hide.PASS
xaúñ'o
nest
ñiav'u
squirrel
hianxad
large branch
mur'éu.
droop
The squirrel's nest was hidden by drooping boughs.
Iy-ūts
CL3>CL3-wait
hez'i
advz
yazual
tolerate
ez'e
NZ
yua
seed
xil
small
mun'mi
be under
nivid'
snow
a
ERG.CL1
tumyan
sun
tnír'
warm
l'aújdiyem
dry season
je.
for
The little seeds waited patiently under the snow for the warm dry-season sun.
Ñ'alai
dance
tnírad
bonfire
ne
around
t'uál
girl
có
young
cuder
many
ñ'uiue
ring
n'ehx
flower
coil'
head.PL
nu
CL2.POSS
eý
on
ne.
with
Many little girls with wreaths of flowers on their heads danced around the bonfire.
Muz
fall
xem'en
floor
je
to
uatsíad
cover
xeybin'.
basket
The cover of the basket fell to the floor.
Coi
TERM
ñéil
entrance
eý
at
cē
boy
jál
one
yan'íl
line
eý.
in
The first boy in the line stopped at the entrance.
Il
live
nálco
old woman
c'uau
wise
niviýan
hill top
eý
on
neiad
hut
xeuád
small
eý.
in
On the top of the hill in a little hut lived a wise old woman.
Miu
PROG
āh-íús-eylac
REL-1>CL1-stand
jernexuñ
province
miu
PROG
sec-r'u
1>1-walk
r'u
REDUP
mim'uj
pasture
eý.
in
During our residence in the province we often walked in the pastures.
Xen
Q
xil eý
when
āh-ñéi
REL-arrive
ñéhx
guest
xare
city
xenuz?
from
When will your guests from the city arrive?
Un'
COP.CL5>CL5
úh
mouth
jenyan'
river
ne,
near
āh-u-mur'éu
REL-CL5>CL5-bend
mur'éu
REDUP
tum'uj
East
je
to
r'úiad
course
nid'.
CL5.POSS
Near the mouth of the river, its course turns sharply towards the East.
U-eylac
CL5>CL5-stand
éād
mountain
ej
two
cuj
tall
ne
between
mutxañ'
valley
hurad.
fertile
Between the two lofty mountains lay a fertile valley.
Iy-miūj
CL3>CL3-grow
ñua
rice
ne
among
laidyuab'es
poppy
cuj
tall
tabet.
red
Among the rice grew tall red poppies.
U-yahj-(i)ý
CL5>CL5-tear-PASS
muj
ground
xen'e
from
mimum'uj
root.PL
céux
strong
txeub'es.
oak
The strong roots of the oak trees were torn from the ground.
Íú-uc'zi
CL1>CL2-look
íú-muz
CL1>CL2-go_down
íū-ziñuz
CL1>CL5-go_through
hianxad
branch
cō
child.PL
āh-iux.
REL-play
The sun looked down through the branches upon the children at play.
An'-pfū
CL4>1-IDEO
r'úx
wind
jen'um
west
āl
face
cual
as
ez'e
NZ
réuai
touch
úu.
friendly
The west wind blew across my face like a friendly caress.
U-ýem
CL5>CL5-roll
yan'ats
spool
tsil
thread
xem'en
floor
ne.
across
The spool of thread rolled across the floor.
U-eylac
CL5>CL5-stand
yar'u
window
eý
at
xeíad
box
miumiu
plant.PL
āh-miūj.
REL-grow
A box of growing plants stood in the window.
Sec-aico-jí
1>1-happy-ADJ.VBZ
aicojí.
REDUP
I am very happy.
Iy-hánla-jí
CL3>CL3-juicy-ADJ.VBZ
jál
DEM
cexhú.
sweet orange
These sweet oranges are juicy.
U-ir'te-jí
CL5>CL5-salt-ADJ.VBZ
xec'nad.
seawater
Sea water is salty.
Hu-txadiz
CL2>CL5-fill
cou
person.PL
xeuár'u.
street
The streets are full of people.
U-c'uc'zi
CL5>CL5-taste.like
u-ūtsad-jí
CL5>CL5-sweet-ADJ.VBZ
jicja.
sugar
Sugar tastes sweet.
Añ'-etsux
CL4>CL4-feel.like
añ'-xemux-jí
CL4>CL4-hot-ADJ.VBZ
xemux.
fire
The fire feels hot.
C'uc'zi
seem
réuai
feel
joti
be.alone
t'uál
girl
có
young
The little girl seemed lonely.
Il
EXP
r'úvoñ'-z'i
sailor-VBZ
cóc
father
cē
boy
có.
young
The little boy's father had once been a sailor.
Sec-ýoc'
1>1-lose
yupfrei.
blanket
I have lost my blanket.
Añ'-atx
CL4>CL3-build
buri
robin
xañ'o
nest
nux
CL4.POSS
muibena-b'es
soursop-tree
eý.
in
A robin has built his nest in the soursop tree.
Sec-ú
1>1-eat
hez'i
advz
tumehc'
noon
bīn
meal
muzr'u
road
ne.
by
At noon we ate our meal by the roadside.
Han-atx
CL2>CL3-make
cñ'u-Mim'uc'al
Mr.-Mim'uc'al
toc
knife
āh-un'
REL-COP.CL5>CL5
cē
boy
có
young
hé
CL2.INAL
je.
for
Mr. Mim'uc'al made a knife for his little boy.
Añ'-c'uc'zi
CL4>CL4-seem
añ'-aico-jí
CL4>CL4-happy-ADJ.VBZ
aicojí
REDUP
ýemux.
voice
Their voices sound very happy.
Xen
Q
jál
DEM
tumyan
day
ez'e
NZ
r'uz
INCH
ejtxevexur'-z'i?
Ahcavusuar-VBZ
Is today the start of Ahcavusuar?
Xen
Q
iy-muz
CL3>CL3-fall
miula
leaf
hian
tree
xenuz?
from
Have all the leaves fallen from the tree?
Xen
Q
coz-xec'ad-jí
2>2-ready-ADJ.VBZ
hez'i
advz
ats?
on time
Will you be ready on time?
Nuc'
Q.SUBJ
cox-r'u-ax
2>CL4-go-CAUS
jál
DEM
sutxiux
message
syen
COP.1>1
je?
for
Will you send this message for me?
Xen
Q
cor-ūts?
2>1-wait
Are you waiting for me?
Xen
Q
ñ'in'
COP.CL4>CL4
jál
DEM
ax
ACC.CL4
maúx
kitten
jál
one
xenuz
from
xuñ'o?
litter
Is this the first kitten of the litter?
Xen
Q
nau-aidi-jí
CL3>2-big-ADJ.VBZ
aidijí
REDUP
jál
DEM
xocār?
shoe
Are these shoes too big for you?
Xen
Q
u-ner'eu-jí
CL5>CL5-wide-ADJ.VBZ
xad
pfrm
jenyan'?
river
How wide is the River?
Coz-uei
2>2-listen
Listen.
Coz-muz
2>2-sit
jál eý
here
coren
COP.2>1
ne.
by
Sit here by me.
Coz-coíad-z'i-ax
2>2-secret-VBZ-CAUS
jál
DEM
āh-coi
REL-TERM
lecla
tomorrow
eý.
at
Keep this secret until tomorrow.
Cor-r'úz
2>1-come
ne.
with
Come with us.
Coz-jey
2>2-bring
ne
with
úu.
friend
Bring your friends with you.
Coz-habaux.
2>2-care
Be careful.
Cox-xec'en
2>CL3-drink
jam'e.
tea
Have some tea.
Han-úu-z'i
CL2>CL4-friend-VBZ
úuz'i
REDUP
Xañ'oilaux
Xañ'oilaux
ax
ERG.CL4
ai
dog
hé.
CL2.INAL
Xañ'oilaux and his dog were great friends.
Hazen
COP.CL2>CL2
Jejal
Jejal
Voc'u
Voc'u
céux
brother
t'uál.
sister
Jejal and Voc'u are brother and sister.
Uc'
SUBJ
soc-r'u
1>2-go
hez'i
advz
jál.
one
You and I will go together.
Hu-col'eu
CL2>CL5-open
ñéiad
door
yar'u
window
jutxux.
all
They opened all the doors and windows.
Xeuád-jí,
small-ADJ.VBZ
í
but
céux-jí.
strong-ADJ.VBZ
He is small, but strong.
Xen
Q
un'
COP.CL5>CL5
hian
tree
txeub'es
oak
av
or
yan'ibeha?
maple
Is this tree an oak or a maple?
Xen
Q
aí-c'uc'zi
CL1>CL1-seem
aí-curjen-jí
CL1>CL1-blue-ADJ.VBZ
av
or
aí-xem-jí
CL1>CL1-grey-ADJ.VBZ
cuj?
sky
Does the sky look blue or grey?
Coz-r'úz
2>2-come
cé
father
av
or
hab
mother
hej
2.INAL
ne.
with
Come with your father or mother.
Sec-xeinama,
1>1-be.tired
í
but
sec-aico-jí
1>1-happy-ADJ.VBZ
aicojí.
REDUP
I am tired, but very happy.
Aiauñ'-z'i
tune-VBZ
ua
flute
c'an
high-quality
c'an.
REDUP
He played a tune on his wonderful flute.
Aí-miūj
CL1>CL1-become
aí-cux
CL1>CL1-better
cux
REDUP
hez'i
advz
mil
end
ejyeíerij
Ahyaiharij
ej
to
tumyan.
day
Toward the end of Ahyaiharij the days grow much better.
Cem'cam
march
hey
company
tabed'
soldier.PL
mim'uj
meadow
ne
across
āh-hu-cun'm'i
REL-CL2>CL5-go.over
mum'ay.
hill
A company of soldiers marched across the meadow and over the hill.
Íús-ey
CL1>1-take
ey
REDUP
uc'la
eye
xil
small.part
tiéyan
story
jál.
one
The first part of the story is very interesting.
Nu-muzey
CL3>CL5-drop
custem
crow
xeuád
pebble
ā
some
n'ul
pitcher
je
into
nu-cuz
CL3>CL5-raise
jenxad
water
r'ace
brim
je.
to
The crow dropped some pebbles into the pitcher and raised the water to the brim.
Iy-xañ' bahah
CL3>CL3-clap
habla
baby
réú
hand.PL
c'ez
res
iy-aico-jí.
CL3>CL3-happy-ADJ.VBZ
The baby clapped her hands and laughed in glee.
Coi
TERM
iátan
game
nej
2.POSS
āh-coz-mau-jí.
REL-2>2-quiet-ADJ.VBZ
Stop your game and be quiet.
Añ'-miūj
CL4>CL4-grow
xíyux-jí
loud-ADJ.VBZ
xíyuxjí
REDUP
xíyuxjí
REDUP
ýemdix
sound
ez'e
NZ
ehc'.
play.drum
The sound of the drums grew louder and louder.
Xen
Q
íús-cux
CL1>1-prefer.PASS
l'aújon
wet.season
av
or
l'aújdiyem?
dry.season
Do you like the wet season or the dry season better?
Uc'
SUBJ
r'iyl-z'i
trip-VBZ
cual
good
cual
REDUP
jál
DEM
cē.
boy
That boy will have a wonderful trip.
Han-vuy-ax
CL2>CL3-pop-CAUS
ñua,
rice
c'ez
res
hu-muz
CL2>CL5-sit
han-ú
CL2>CL3-eat
tnírad
campfire
ne.
around
They popped rice, and then sat around the fire and ate it.
Hu-señ
CL2>CL5-win
iátan
game
āl
face
ej,
two
í
but
hu-xōñi-(i)ý
CL2>CL5-defeat-PASS
heit
back
eý.
at
They won the first two games, but lost the last one.
Sec-laúz
1>1-wake
āl eý,
early
r'uz
INCH
āh-sec-uats-iý
REL-1>1-dress-PASS
sec-pmicej,
1>1-hastily
āh-sec-muz
REL-1>1-go.down
āh-sec-ú
REL-1>1-eat
je.
for
I awoke early, dressed hastily, and went down to eat.
Setn-ey
2>CL4-take
jál
DEM
sutxiux,
note
setn-cuzax
2>CL4-carry
coz-r'u
2>2-go
hab;
mother
coh-ūts
2>CL2-wait
noc'uj
answer
je.
for
Take this note, carry it to your mother; and wait for an answer.
Aja!
aha
Soc-útni!
1>2-catch
Aha! I have caught you!
Iy-xil-jí
CL3>CL3-short-ADJ.VBZ
xiljí
REDUP
jál
DEM
tsil!
string
This string is too short!
Cuoj
VOC
Yañ'an!
god.PL
íús-pfū
CL1>1-IDEO
xen'e
from
r'úyan
strong.wind
uatsíad!
hat
Oh, dear! the wind has blown my hat away!
Í í!
alas
U-jensutx-jí
CL5>CL5-sad-ADJ.VBZ
róc'ád
information
hez'i cual!
indeed
Alas! that news is sad indeed!
Juiu!
whew
An'-nivzi-ax
CL4>1-freeze-CAUS
jál
DEM
r'úx
wind
niv
cold
me!
nose
Whew! that cold wind freezes my nose!
Xen
Q
sec-tnír'
1>1-be.warm
cuder'
enough
jál xil eý?
now
Are you warm enough now?
Hu-uei
CL2>CL5-hear
heit
REDUP
heit eý
late
curux.
warning
They heard the warning too late.
Syen
COP.1>1
are
people
xepmane,
brave
sec-huriad-z'i
1>1-love-VBZ
jernexuñ.
province
We are a brave people, and love our province.
R'úz
come
có
child
jutxux
all
í
except
Vauai.
Vauai.
All the children came except Vauai.
Hu-réuzi
CL2>CL5-seize
Tauxa
Tauxa
réuec
handful
xeuád'
pebble.PL
hu-xeuai
CL2>CL5-throw
jenad.
lake
Tauxa seized a handful of pebbles and threw them into the lake.
U-eylac
CL5>CL5-stand
jál
DEM
neiad
cottage
mum'ay
hill
muz,
low
huiu
village
xen'e
from
xen'e.
REDUP
This cottage stood on a low hill, at some distance from the village.
Un'
COP.CL5>CL5
tum
evening
cual
good
l'aújdiyem
dry.season
eý,
at
miu
PROG
āh-muz
REL-sit
nivíl
old.person
ej
two
ñéiad
door
neiad
cottage
nu
CL2.POSS
ñéz.
outside
On a fine dry-season evening, the two old people were sitting outside the door of their cottage.
Syen
COP.1>1
taitu
name
xaúx
bird
Éáriylux.
Éáriylux
Our bird's name is Éáriylux.
U-c'uai
CL5>CL5-know
jenyan'
river
r'úiad
way
xec'en
sea
je.
to
The river knows the way to the sea.
U-r'úvni
CL5>CL5-sail
xen'e
away
r'úven,
boat
cual
as
xaúx
bird
cuzux-jí.
flying-ADJ.VBZ
The boat sails away, like a bird on the wing.
Uc'zi
look
ne
around
habaux,
be careful
í
but
uc'
see
xen'.
nothing
They looked cautiously about, but saw nothing.
Un'
COP.CL5>CL5
hed'
CL5.INAL
ñe
house
ax
small
ñéd'
room
ta,
three
ñéd'
room
āh-muz
REL-sit
je,
for
ñéd'
room
āh-laidzi
REL-sleep
je,
for
háñe
kitchen
ax.
small
The little house had three rooms, a sitting room, a bedroom, and a tiny kitchen.
Cu-r'ūño
1>CL5-visit
huiu
village
cóc,
uncle
huiu
village
xeuiad
large
xeuiad
REDUP
muc'uj
world
je.
to
We visited my uncle's village, the largest village in the world.
Sec-c'uai
1>1-learn
xad
thing
uez
new
tumyan
day
jux
each
eý.
at
We learn something new each day.
U-xiun
CL5>CL5-open
hez'i
advz
āl eý
early
íeíe
slightly
ez'e
NZ
xecix
go to market
jál
DEM
curyan
month
eý.
at
The market begins slightly earlier this month.
Nuc'
Q.SUBJ
sec-teirí
1>1-deem
u-al'a-z'i
CL5>CL5-large-VBZ
cuder' cuder'
too
r'ūj?
distance
Did you find the distance too great?
Coz-neji,
2>2-hurry
cuoj
VOC
cō.
child.PL
Hurry, children.
Cuoj
VOC
nihx-nál,
Mrs.-woman
Uc'
SUBJ
soc-uei
1>2-hear
ez'e
NZ
yan'.
command
Madam, I will obey your command.
Un'
COP.CL5>CL5
jál eý
here
jál
DEM
hian
tree
mun'mi
under
āh-han-sauc
REL-CL2>CL3-give
bīn
feast
cual
good
cual
REDUP
ñéhx
guest
nu.
DAT.CL2
Here under this tree they gave their guests a splendid feast.
Sec-cuz
1>1-rise
hez'i
advz
tum'ay
night
l'aújdiyem
dry.season
eý,
in
sec-uats
1>1-dress
tumad
light
nutsmūs
candle
miúx
yellow
eý.
at
In the dry season I get up at night, and dress by yellow candlelight.
Cox-xauc
2>CL3-tell
ej
again
xil
small.part
ej jutxux
last
tiéyan.
story
Tell the last part of that story again.
Coz-nei-jí
2>2-quick-ADJ.VBZ
av
or
c'ez
res
heitjí
REDUP
heitjí eý.
be.late
Be quick or you will be too late.
Nuc'
Q.SUBJ
cor-r'u
2>1-go
ne
with
av
or
coz-ūts
2>2-wait
jál eý?
here
Will you go with us or wait here?
Muj-jí
shabby-ADJ.VBZ
hez'i xil jutxux,
always
arjilád-jí
ragged-ADJ.VBZ
hez'i al'a al'a,
often
muzixnu
be.uncomfortable
muzixnu
REDUP
hez'i
advz
tumyan
day
nivzi.
cold
She was always, shabby, often ragged, and on cold days very uncomfortable.
Coz-c'uai
2>2-think
hez'i
advz
jál
one
c'ez
res
coz-jí.
2>2-act
Think first and then act.
Sec-eylac,
1>1-stand
t'uál
girl
āh-xeuád-jí
REL-small-ADJ.VBZ
cual
like
ipmya,
mite
neian
chair
eý
on
yar'u
window
ne,
by
setn-ucz'i
1>CL4-watch
n'ehx nivid'
snowflake
nivi.
falling
I stood, a little mite of a girl, upon a chair by the window, and watched the falling snowflakes.
Coh-uc'-ax
2>CL2-see-CAUS
ñéhx
guest
jál
DEM
sune,
shell
cuoj
VOC
cē
so
he,
1.INAL
coh-xauc
2>CL2-tell
txijór'se
history
xec'
strange
hel.
CL3.INAL
Show the guests these shells, my son, and tell them their strange history.
Coz-eylac
2>2-stand
hez'i
advz
aico
happy
xen'
nothing
í
but
ez'e
NZ
cux
best
xenuz.
from
Be satisfied with nothing but your best.
Seh-teirí
1>CL2-consider
har-úu-z'i
CL2>1-friend-VBZ
ai.
faithful
We consider them our faithful friends.
Uc'
SUBJ
sec-ñe-z'i-ax
1>1-home-VBZ-CAUS
jál
DEM
jer'.
place
We will make this place our home.
Añ'-tnír'-ax
CL4>CL4-warm-CAUS
añ'-arjilád-ax
CL4>CL4-snug-CAUS
ñiav'u
squirrel
xañ'o
nest
m'iu
moss
miula
leaf
nál
soft
hel.
INS.CL3
The squirrels make their nests warm and snug with soft moss and leaves.
Hu-atx
CL2>CL5-make
coil
REFL
ne
with
t'uál
girl
có
young
ualax
dress
xeú.
doll
The little girl made the doll's dress herself.
Sec-tabl'a-ax
1>1-hurt.PASS-CAUS
coil.
REFL
I hurt myself.
Miu
PROG
xauc
talk
coil.
REFL
She was talking to herself.
Āz
show
āh-aijíax.
REL-trustworthy
He proved himself trustworthy.
C'e
abil
sec-uc'
1>1-see
coil
REFL
jenxad
water
eý.
in
We could see ourselves in the water.
Cozjí
2>2-do
coil
REFL
ne.
with
Do it yourself.
Sec-yúxe
1>1-ashamed
coil.
REFL
I feel ashamed of myself.
Coz-muz
2>2-sit
coz-joti
2>2-be.alone
jál eý.
here
Sit here by yourself.
U-xandez'i ne
CL5>CL5-embroider
ualax
dress
t'uál yauñ'
princess
có
young
hez'i
advz
haibu teu,
rose
n'eh
flower
are
national
jernexuñ.
province
The dress of the little princess was embroidered with roses, the national flower of the province.
Hu-uats-(i)ý
CL2>CL5-cover-PASS
uatsíad'
cap.PL
tabet,
red
xauctum
symbol
yanux.
liberty
They wore red caps, the symbol of liberty.
Āh-hazen
REL-COP.CL2>CL2
xeuah
protector
en,
1.POSS
xen
NEG
su-curuz-jí
CL5>1-feared-ADJ.VBZ
ez'e
NZ
cisi.
dangerous
With him as our protector, we fear no danger.
U-yailz'i
CL5>CL5-store
n'eád',
finery.PL
yan'ad',
lace.PL
tseuem,
ribbon
cuzil'
feather.PL
nu
CL2.PL
jutxux
all
xeiuño
trunk
eý.
in
All her finery, lace, ribbons, and feathers, was packed away in a trunk.
Teirí
deem
cuzil-jí,
light-ADJ.VBZ
cual
as
xauc'ad.
feather
Light he thought her, like a feather.
Har-r'ūño
CL2>1-visit
r'ūño
REDUP
heul'a
cousin.PL
he
1.INAL
āh-r'uz
REL-INCH
coi
TERM
l'aújon
wet.season
jux
each
eý.
at
Every start and end of the wet season our cousins pay us a long visit.
Un'
COP.CL5>CL5
suiux xacuj
climate
en
1.POSS
eý
in
āh-iy-ūts
REL-CL3>CL3-remain
iy-miúx-jí
CL3>CL3-green-ADJ.VBZ
tsum
grass
l'aújdiyem
dry.season
jutxux
all
ne.
through
In our climate the grass remains green all dry season.
Ñéz
leave
cē
boy
āh-hu-jey
REL-CL2>CL5-bring
xaucñ'a.
book
The boy who brought the book has gone.
Ñ'in'
COP.CL4>CL4
jál
DEM
ax
ACC.CL4
n'ehx
flower
āh-cox-yan'
REL-2>CL4-order
cox-r'uax-(i)ý.
2>CL4-send-PASS
These are the flowers that you ordered.
Cu-ýoc'
1>CL5-lose
xaucñ'a
book
āh-cor-xec.
REL-2>1-give
I have lost the book that you gave me.
Jál eý
then
miur'
INCH.PROG
yan'
demand
coxiatxer-iý
pay-PASS
txih jen
fisherman
āh-han-muzm'e
REL-CL2>CL5-own
simu.
boat
The fisherman who owned the boat now demanded payment.
Coz-r'úz
2>2-come
xil eý
when
āh-coz-xauc'-(i)ý.
REL-2>2-call-PASS
Come when you are called.
Uc'
SUBJ
sec-ūts
1>1-stay
ñe
home
ih
if
u-nivi
CL5>CL5-fall
cuzad.
rain
I shall stay at home if it rains.
Xil eý
when
āh-har-uc',
REL-CL2>1-see
c'ez
res
coi.
TERM
When he saw me, he stopped.
Xen
NEG
cor-lēl
2>1-laugh
āh-un'
REL-COP.CL5>CL5
je
for
āh-sec-c'uc'zi
REL-1>1-seem
setn-t'uit'ui
1>CL3-IDEO
t'uit'ui
REDUP
ueil.
ear
Do not laugh at me because I seem so absent-minded.
Uc'
SUBJ
soc-xecmuñ'o-ax
1>2-borrow-CAUS
xaucñ'a
book
āh-cu-xeý.
REL-2>CL5-need
I shall lend you the books that you need.
Coz-ñéi
2>2-come
ih
if
c'e
abil
āh-coz-jí
REL-2>2-do
āl eý
early
ez'e
NZ
r'uz
INCH
ejceríube-z'i
Ahkriiupu-VBZ
eý.
at
Come early at the start of Ahkriiupu if you can.
Ih
if
coz-r'úz
2>2-come
āl eý,
early
c'ez
res
coz-ūts
2>2-wait
xaïjentes
hall
eý.
in
If you come early, wait in the hall.
En
PFV
sehan'
COP.1>CL2
céux
brother
có
young
āh-xauc'-(i)ý
REL-call-PASS
Maulu.
Maulu
I had a younger brother whose name was Maulu.
Íúban'
COP.CL1>CL2
ýañ'an
ýan.PL
mimuj
root
céce
man.PL
xeuád
small
āh-aí-il
REL-CL1>CL1-live
aí-pmuj.
CL1>CL1-underground
Root Ýans are little men who live under the ground.
Huriad-z'i-(i)ý
love-VBZ-PASS
jál
DEM
jutxux,
all
un'
COP.CL5>CL5
je
for
āh-hazen
REL-COP.CL2>CL2
hé
CL2.INAL
suiad
disposition
nál.
gentle
He is loved by everybody, because he has a gentle disposition.
Cox-réuzi
2>CL4-hold
nei
horse
miu
PROG
āh-sec-neji
REL-1>1-run
sec-ey
1>1-take
uatsíad.
cap
Hold the horse while I run and get my cap.
Setn-eu
1>CL3-find
ñ'uiue
ring
āh-setn-ýoc'.
REL-1>CL3-lose
I have found the ring I lost.
Coz-suiai
2>2-play
c'ez
res
āh-sec-sutx.
REL-1>1-sing
Play and I will sing.
Uaíún'
COP.CL5>CL1
jál
DEM
a
ACC.CL1
tiéyan
story
lēl
funny
lēl
REDUP
āh-seic-uei
REL-1>CL1-hear
il.
EXP
That is the funniest story I ever heard.
Cuj-jí
tall-ADJ.VBZ
cujjí
REDUP
céux
brother
hé
CL2.INAL
je.
to
She is taller than her brother.
Xen
NEG
har-c'uau-jí
CL2>1-wise-ADJ.VBZ
c'uaují
REDUP
je.
to
They are no wiser than we.
U-r'u
CL5>CL5-go
hez'i
advz
r'úl
fast
r'úl
REDUP
tumad
light
ýemdix
sound
je.
to
Light travels faster than sound.
Setnayn
COP.1>CL3
he
1.INAL
al'a
long.time
cuder cuder
more
āh-hazen
REL-COP.CL2>CL2
je.
to
We have more time than they.
Hazen
COP.CL2>CL2
hé
CL2.INAL
úu
friend
cuder cuder
more
āh-hazen
REL-COP.CL2>CL2
hé
CL2.INAL
cudziú
enemy.PL
je.
to
She has more friends than enemies.
Yau-jí
poor-ADJ.VBZ
yaují,
REDUP
hu-eylac
CL2>CL5-stand
neiad
cabin
ax
litte
muz
low
laiuas
log
xeu
stone
n'eú
wife
có
child
cui
five
ne.
with
He was very poor, and with his wife and five children lived in a little low cabin of logs and stones.
Xil eý
when
āh-añ'-pfū
REL-CL4>CL4-IDEO
r'úx,
wind
han-sial
CL2>CL3-fold
xauan
traveler
maíuas
cloak
hazen
COP.CL2>CL2
ne.
around
When the wind blew, the traveler wrapped his mantle more closely around him.
Sec-uc'utxux
1>1-be.sure
c'e
abil
āh-sec-r'u.
REL-1>1-go
I am sure that we can go.
Cu-ñéiej
1>CL5-return
jer'
place
āh-han-uc'
REL-CL2>CL3-see
haibu teu.
rose
We went back to the place where we saw the roses.
Xauc
say
eñjar-uóc
garden-AG
"Uinayn
COP.CL5>CL3
jál
DEM
hian
tree
cutxem
cubit
xi."
twelve
"This tree is twelve cubits high," said the gardener.
Sec-c'ua
1>1-think
āh-u-ñéz
REL-CL5>CL5-leave
jál
DEM
tumyan
day
eý
at
āl eý
early
íeíe
slightly
jál
DEM
simu.
boat
I think that this boat leaves slightly earlier today.
Sec-moc'-z'i
1>1-opinion-VBZ
uc'
SUBJ
āh-uriýax
REL-pardon
ñujenec.
province.governor
My opinion is that the governor will grant him a pardon.
Xen
NEG
c'ua-(i)ý
know-PASS
xen
Q
je
for
āh-z'ai-ñéz
REL-CL2>CL1-leave
xare.
city
Why he has left the city is a mystery.
U-eylac
CL5>CL5-stand
ñe
house
jál eý
where
āh-u-coi
REL-CL5>CL5-meet
muzr'u
road
ta.
three
The house stands where three roads meet.
Hun'
COP.CL2>CL5
hé
CL2.INAL
cüa
money
cuder cuder
more
cuder
REDUP
c'ual
wisdom
je.
to
He has far more money than brains.
Coz-uc'
2>2-see
iy-xiun-(i)ý
CL3>CL3-open-PASS
iy-xoñíl
CL3>CL3-never
jál
DEM
ñéidíl,
gate
un' je
because
iy-miūj
CL3>CL3-grow
ne
near
ribuaye
long.grass
matab'es.
datura
Evidently that gate is never opened, for the long grass and the daturas grow close against it.
Seh-coi
1>CL2-meet
t'úal
girl
có
young
neiad;
cottage
hazen
COP.CL2>CL2
hé
CL2.INAL
iarje
year
éj,
eight
xauc.
say
I met a little cottage girl; she was eight years old, she said.