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Qualdomailor, today, is a linguistically and religiously homogeneous country, with 96% of its inhabitants being religiously [[Verse:Yunyalīlta|Yunyalīlti]]. Historically predominantly inhabited by the Qualdomelics, in the half century since the Kaiṣamā era there has been a steady influx of Chlouvānem people, so that 81.5% of its population is Qualdomelic, 17% Chlouvānem, and the remaining 1.5% of other ethnic backgrounds. Qualdomelic is the only nationwide official language - [[Chlouvānem]] is only official in the four southern regions, but it is widely spoken as a L2 also by native Qualdomelics due to its status as lingua franca of the Eastern bloc and sacred language of the Yunyalīlta. At the last census in 6418 (six years ago), the population amounted to 39,838,427 people; according to more recent estimates, it has grown to slightly more than 40 million people. | Qualdomailor, today, is a linguistically and religiously homogeneous country, with 96% of its inhabitants being religiously [[Verse:Yunyalīlta|Yunyalīlti]]. Historically predominantly inhabited by the Qualdomelics, in the half century since the Kaiṣamā era there has been a steady influx of Chlouvānem people, so that 81.5% of its population is Qualdomelic, 17% Chlouvānem, and the remaining 1.5% of other ethnic backgrounds. Qualdomelic is the only nationwide official language - [[Chlouvānem]] is only official in the four southern regions, but it is widely spoken as a L2 also by native Qualdomelics due to its status as lingua franca of the Eastern bloc and sacred language of the Yunyalīlta. At the last census in 6418 (six years ago), the population amounted to 39,838,427 people; according to more recent estimates, it has grown to slightly more than 40 million people. | ||
==Phonology== | |||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
Qualdomailor is written in its own, alphabetic script (called ''ta Whaldewmẹlje sa šowsẹ''), which is a derivative of an older form of the [[Skyrdagor|Skyrdegan script]], a script it retains a large degree of mutual intelligibility with, despite a few differences through further simplifications the Skyrdegan script underwent and a different printing and typesetting style (the Qualdomelic script is characterized by more curved lines). | |||
Qualdomelic orthography is morphophonemic and, to some extent, etymological. In the following table, only the most common, non-mutated spelling for each phoneme is given. | |||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
{| class="wikitable | |- | ||
! → PoA <br/> ↓ Manner !! Labial !! Labiodental !! Dentoalveolar !! Alveolopalatal !! Retroflex !! Palatal !! Velar !! Uvular !! Glottal | |||
! | |- | ||
! | ! Nasals | ||
! | | '''m''' m || || '''n''' n || || || || '''ŋ''' ŋ || || | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! | ! Plosives | ||
| | | '''p''' p<br/>'''b''' b || || '''t''' t<br/>'''d''' d || || || || '''c''' k<br/>'''g''' g || '''q''' q || | ||
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! | ! Affricates | ||
| | | || || '''ț''' ts<br/>'''x''' dz || || || || || || | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! | ! Fricatives | ||
| | | || '''f''' f<br/>'''v''' v || '''s''' s<br/>'''z''' z || '''š''' ʃ<br/>'''ž''' ʒ || || || '''ch''' x<br/>'''γ''' ɣ || || '''h''' h | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! | ! Approximants | ||
| | | || || '''r''' r <br/>'''l''' l || || '''ṛ''' ɽ || '''lj''' ʎ || || || | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! | ! Semivowels | ||
| | | || || || || || '''j''' j || '''w''' w || || | ||
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|} | |} | ||
Notable instances of allophony: | |||
* /r/ is [ɾ] after consonants (e.g. ''γrămaț'' "language" [ɣɾəˈmats]); | |||
[ | * /l/ is [ɫ] before consonants (e.g. ''mălpa'' "room" [ˈməɫpa]) and geminate /ll/ is [ɬː] (e.g. ''Arvallivăt'' [arˈvaɬːivət]). | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
{| class="wikitable | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! !! Front !! Central !! Back | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! High | ||
| | | '''i''' i || || '''u''' u | ||
|- | |||
! High-mid | |||
| '''e''' e || '''ă''' ə || '''o''' o | |||
|- | |||
! Low-mid | |||
| ''ẹ''' ɛ || || '''ọ''' ɔ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Low | ! Low | ||
| || a | | || '''a''' a || | ||
|} | |} | ||
Diphthongs are typically categorized depending on their first element: | |||
* a-: /aɪ̯ aʊ̯/ '''aj aw''' | |||
* ɛ-: /ɛɪ̯ ɛʊ̯ ɛə̯/ '''ej ew eă''' | |||
* ɔ-: /ɔɪ̯ ɔʊ̯ ɔə̯/ '''oj ow oă''' | |||
* ə-: /əɪ̯ əʊ̯/ '''ăj ăw''' | |||
* i-: /iə̯/ '''iă''' | |||
* u-: /uə̯/ '''uă''' | |||
Hiatuses are usually permitted - see e.g. ''căiši'' "<small>N/M.PL/F.PL</small> of" /kəˈiʃi/, ''nănngiup'' "passage" /nəŋːiˈup/. | |||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
====Stress==== | ====Stress==== | ||
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===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
==Morphology== | <!-- ==Morphology== | ||
===Noun classes=== | ===Noun classes=== | ||
Nouns in Kalurilut belong to up to 6 (or 12, counting plural ones as distinct) noun classes, mostly allocated semantically. Each class is distinguished by a prefix used for nouns, adjectives, and some prepositions, another one used for subjects of verbs, and a further one used for verbal direct objects. | Nouns in Kalurilut belong to up to 6 (or 12, counting plural ones as distinct) noun classes, mostly allocated semantically. Each class is distinguished by a prefix used for nouns, adjectives, and some prepositions, another one used for subjects of verbs, and a further one used for verbal direct objects. |
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