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Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions
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The other hundreds are '''200''' <small>(288<sub>10</sub>)</small> daninihæla, '''300''' <small>(432<sub>10</sub>)</small> pāmvinihæla, '''400''' <small>(576<sub>10</sub>)</small> nęltenihæla, '''500''' <small>(720<sub>10</sub>)</small> šulknihæla, '''600''' <small>(864<sub>10</sub>)</small> tulūnihæla, '''700''' <small>(1008<sub>10</sub>)</small> chīcænihæla, '''800''' <small>(1152<sub>10</sub>)</small> tītinihæla, '''900''' <small>(1296<sub>10</sub>)</small> mojanihæla, '''ᘔ00''' <small>(1440<sub>10</sub>)</small> tåldanihæla, '''Ɛ00''' <small>(1584<sub>10</sub>)</small> vældenihæla.<br/> | The other hundreds are '''200''' <small>(288<sub>10</sub>)</small> daninihæla, '''300''' <small>(432<sub>10</sub>)</small> pāmvinihæla, '''400''' <small>(576<sub>10</sub>)</small> nęltenihæla, '''500''' <small>(720<sub>10</sub>)</small> šulknihæla, '''600''' <small>(864<sub>10</sub>)</small> tulūnihæla, '''700''' <small>(1008<sub>10</sub>)</small> chīcænihæla, '''800''' <small>(1152<sub>10</sub>)</small> tītinihæla, '''900''' <small>(1296<sub>10</sub>)</small> mojanihæla, '''ᘔ00''' <small>(1440<sub>10</sub>)</small> tåldanihæla, '''Ɛ00''' <small>(1584<sub>10</sub>)</small> vældenihæla.<br/> | ||
'''1.000''' <small>(1728<sub>10</sub>)</small> is ''tildhā'' and numbers above are separate words, without saṃdhi, e.g. '''6.2ᘔ9''' <small>(10785<sub>10</sub>)</small> ''tulūɂa tildhā daninihælatåldimāmimoja''.<br/> | '''1.000''' <small>(1728<sub>10</sub>)</small> is ''tildhā'' and numbers above are separate words, without saṃdhi, e.g. '''6.2ᘔ9''' <small>(10785<sub>10</sub>)</small> ''tulūɂa tildhā daninihælatåldimāmimoja''.<br/> | ||
Note that 2.000<sub>12</sub> may be either one of '' | Note that 2.000<sub>12</sub> may be either one of ''tildhāt'', ''dani tildhā'', or (only emphatically) ''dani tildhāt''. | ||
The other divisions - numbers over ƐƐ.ƐƐƐ<sub>12</sub> are based on groups of two digits: the two most commonly used ones in common speech are '''1.00.000''' <small>(248.832<sub>10</sub>)</small> - a ''raicē'' - and '''1.00.00.000''' <small>(35.831.808<sub>10</sub>)</small> - a ''lallaraicē''. | The other divisions - numbers over ƐƐ.ƐƐƐ<sub>12</sub> are based on groups of two digits: the two most commonly used ones in common speech are '''1.00.000''' <small>(248.832<sub>10</sub>)</small> - a ''raicē'' - and '''1.00.00.000''' <small>(35.831.808<sub>10</sub>)</small> - a ''lallaraicē''. | ||
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The next two groups have their separate words, but are quantities rarely used in common speech: '''1.00.00.00.000''' <small>(5.159.780.352<sub>10</sub>)</small> is a ''taiskaucis'' and '''1.00.00.00.00.000''' <small>(743.008.370.688<sub>10</sub>)</small> a ''lallataiskaucis''. | The next two groups have their separate words, but are quantities rarely used in common speech: '''1.00.00.00.000''' <small>(5.159.780.352<sub>10</sub>)</small> is a ''taiskaucis'' and '''1.00.00.00.00.000''' <small>(743.008.370.688<sub>10</sub>)</small> a ''lallataiskaucis''. | ||
Their non-cardinal forms are all regular, with ''-ende'' (''-inde'' after ''-m'' or for Ɛ<sub>12</sub>) for ordinals, ''- | Their non-cardinal forms are all regular, with ''-ende'' (''-inde'' after ''-m'' or for Ɛ<sub>12</sub>) for ordinals, ''-tām'' for collectives, ''-haicē'' for distributives, ''-rvīm'' for adverbials/multiplicatives (prefixed ''māg-'' for the separate adverbial forms), and ''-endvāṭ/-indvāṭ'' for the fractionaries. Compounds of 1-2 retain all irregular suppletive forms, e.g. ''hælьmāmihælinaika'' 22<sub>12</sub>nd (26<sub>10</sub>th). | ||
Finally, there are few other cardinals commonly used in speech: ''vālьhælia'' 1½, ''vālьpāmvya'' 2½, ''vālьnęltia'' 3½, ''vālьšulca'' 4½, and ''vālьtulūya'' 5½. The forms ''vālьchīca'', ''vālьtītiya'', and ''vālьmojya'' are used in telling the time only and obsolete otherwise, while other similar forms are sparingly attested in older mathematical texts, but periphrastical constructions such as ''tulūɂa hælinaivāṭ no'' (or, sometimes, ''- vælka no'') are more commonly heard and used nowadays. | Finally, there are few other cardinals commonly used in speech: ''vālьhælia'' 1½, ''vālьpāmvya'' 2½, ''vālьnęltia'' 3½, ''vālьšulca'' 4½, and ''vālьtulūya'' 5½. The forms ''vālьchīca'', ''vālьtītiya'', and ''vālьmojya'' are used in telling the time only and obsolete otherwise, while other similar forms are sparingly attested in older mathematical texts, but periphrastical constructions such as ''tulūɂa hælinaivāṭ no'' (or, sometimes, ''- vælka no'') are more commonly heard and used nowadays. | ||
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* In the most common use, the counted thing is emphasized: the numeral is put '''before''' the noun and the noun is always '''singular''' (except for "two", see below) plus the appropriate case: e.g. ''leila yujam'' (a lotus flower); ''dani māra'' (two mango fruits); ''pāmvi haloe'' (three names), ''vælden ñaiṭa'' (eleven stars), and so on. | * In the most common use, the counted thing is emphasized: the numeral is put '''before''' the noun and the noun is always '''singular''' (except for "two", see below) plus the appropriate case: e.g. ''leila yujam'' (a lotus flower); ''dani māra'' (two mango fruits); ''pāmvi haloe'' (three names), ''vælden ñaiṭa'' (eleven stars), and so on. | ||
* If emphasis is given to the number, then the counted thing comes first, and, if it should be in direct, ergative, or accusative case, it is in '''genitive singular''' instead; the semantic direct, ergative, or accusative case is taken by the numeral itself if it is one, two, three, or compounds. Examples: ''yujami leila'' (one lotus flower), ''māri dani'' (two mango fruits), ''halenies pāmvi'' (three names), ''ñaiṭi vælden'' (eleven stars). In other cases, the noun follows the semantic case (but is always singular anyway), e.g. ''marti pāmvi'' (three cities) but ''marte pāmvye'' (in the three cities).<br/>This form is increasingly less common in everyday use. | * If emphasis is given to the number, then the counted thing comes first, and, if it should be in direct, ergative, or accusative case, it is in '''genitive singular''' instead; the semantic direct, ergative, or accusative case is taken by the numeral itself if it is one, two, three, or compounds. Examples: ''yujami leila'' (one lotus flower), ''māri dani'' (two mango fruits), ''halenies pāmvi'' (three names), ''ñaiṭi vælden'' (eleven stars). In other cases, the noun follows the semantic case (but is always singular anyway), e.g. ''marti pāmvi'' (three cities) but ''marte pāmvye'' (in the three cities).<br/>This form is increasingly less common in everyday use. | ||
* "Two" may be used with either singular or dual number: ''dani māra'' or ''māri dani'' are both as correct as ''dani | * "Two" may be used with either singular or dual number: ''dani māra'' or ''māri dani'' are both as correct as ''dani mārāt'' and ''māreva dani'' - note that the dual number alone, without the numeral, has the same meaning. Outside of literary texts, it is however more common to specify "two" with the numeral. | ||
'''Ordinal numerals''' are regular attributive adjective-like words that precede nouns - e.g. ''hælinaika kita'' "second house". They do not decline if are used together with a noun, but they can also be used alone (e.g. ''hælinaika'' "the second one"), in which case they decline for case and number, as if they were ''-eh'' nouns (''-a'' for 1st and 2nd), e.g. ''mojendesām ukulate'' "it has been told to those in ninth position". | '''Ordinal numerals''' are regular attributive adjective-like words that precede nouns - e.g. ''hælinaika kita'' "second house". They do not decline if are used together with a noun, but they can also be used alone (e.g. ''hælinaika'' "the second one"), in which case they decline for case and number, as if they were ''-eh'' nouns (''-a'' for 1st and 2nd), e.g. ''mojendesām ukulate'' "it has been told to those in ninth position". | ||