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Nankôre: Difference between revisions
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Verbal expressions in Nankôre require at a minimum both a main verb and a copula. Marking for tense, aspect, number, voice and mood are divided between both the verb and the copula, or the coverb and the copula (see Positional, Motion, and Coverb section below). | Verbal expressions in Nankôre require at a minimum both a main verb and a copula. Marking for tense, aspect, number, voice and mood are divided between both the verb and the copula, or the coverb and the copula (see Positional, Motion, and Coverb section below). | ||
====The Verb Phrase==== | |||
The following example demonstrates a complex verb predicate, with the Inverse marker ''ta='' cliticizing to the coverb ''yam'' (accompany) in the Imperfect aspect, followed by the main verb ''yayak'' (go up a mountain) with the Hearsay Evidential clitic ''=kor'', and finally the copular verb marked with the secondary Inverse clitic ''tā=''. | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = Rompóy kurasno tayampo yayak hosmakór tā'itá'. | |||
| IPA = /rom'poɪ ku'raʃno ta'yampo 'yayak hoʃma'kor ta:ʔɪt'aʔ/ | |||
| morphemes = Rompóy kurasno ta=yam=po yayak hosma=kor tā'-itá'. | |||
| gloss = dog girl INV=accompany=IMPF go.up.mountain-EVID.HEAR INV-PST.COP | |||
| translation = The dog was going up the mountain with the girl, I heard. | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Nankore VP.png|thumb|Diagram of the Nankôre Verb Phrase]] | |||
The verbal elements follow a relatively strict order. The required elements for a VP to be well-formed are the Main Verb and the Copula. Adjuncts are unbound morphemes, and exhibit rather free order; however, they are barred from appearing between the Inverse Marker and any following verb, be it the Coverb or the Main Verb. If a Coverb appears between the Inverse Marker and Main Verb, an adjunct may appear between the Coverb and Main Verb. However, if the Inverse Marker is not followed by a Coverb, then an adjunct may not appear between the Inverse Marker and the Main Verb. Moreover, if Quasi-Noun Incorporation (QNI) takes place, an adjunct may not intervene between the Main Verb and the quasi-incorporated noun (QIN). | |||
====Copula Forms ==== | ====Copula Forms ==== | ||