Nankôre: Difference between revisions

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Quasi-incorporation may eventually evolve into full noun incorporation, as in the case of Nankôre's distant relatives, Minhast and Nahónda.  Both exhibit full noun incorporation.  Like Nankôre, both languages add the incorporated noun after the verb root, e.g. Minhast ''Ušnirupmakekaru'' << ''ušn-ruppumak-ek-ar-u'' (hit-face-3S.ABS+1S.ERG-PST.PFCT-TRANS) "I hit him in the face, I face-hit him",  Nahónda ''klomenatsoyetolayo''<< ''kloma-natsoye-Ø-t-ola-yo'' (speak-wisdom-3S.PT-1S.AGT-PST-AGT) "I gave him counsel, I wisdom-speak to him.  Most languages that exhibit noun incorporation attach the incorporated noun ''before'' the verb root; placement of the incorporated noun after the root is rare among incorporating languages.  The process by which Nankôre performs quasi-incorporation, namely by placing the O-argument ''between'' the primary verb and auxiliary verbs, may explain why Minhast and Nahónda place their incorporated nouns after the verb.  Proto-Nahenic may have also placed a quasi-incorporated noun after the primary verb but before the auxiliary verb, an order which the descendant languages preserved.
Quasi-incorporation may eventually evolve into full noun incorporation, as in the case of Nankôre's distant relatives, Minhast and Nahónda.  Both exhibit full noun incorporation.  Like Nankôre, both languages add the incorporated noun after the verb root, e.g. Minhast ''Ušnirupmakekaru'' << ''ušn-ruppumak-ek-ar-u'' (hit-face-3S.ABS+1S.ERG-PST.PFCT-TRANS) "I hit him in the face, I face-hit him",  Nahónda ''klomenatsoyetolayo''<< ''kloma-natsoye-Ø-t-ola-yo'' (speak-wisdom-3S.PT-1S.AGT-PST-AGT) "I gave him counsel, I wisdom-speak to him.  Most languages that exhibit noun incorporation attach the incorporated noun ''before'' the verb root; placement of the incorporated noun after the root is rare among incorporating languages.  The process by which Nankôre performs quasi-incorporation, namely by placing the O-argument ''between'' the primary verb and auxiliary verbs, may explain why Minhast and Nahónda place their incorporated nouns after the verb.  Proto-Nahenic may have also placed a quasi-incorporated noun after the primary verb but before the auxiliary verb, an order which the descendant languages preserved.
====Possession====
Possession is indicated by joining the possessor to the possessum with the connective ''si=/shi='', followed either by the verb ''ras/rash'' to indicate inalienable possession e.g. ''Koykare shi=naho rash'', "The boy's mother", or ''ocité'' for alienable possession, e.g. ''Koykare shi=mashka  ocité''.  If the possessor is lower in the animacy heirarcy, the inverse marker ''ta'/tah'' is prefixed to the verb, as in the improbable ''Mashka shi=koykare tah-ocité'', "The anthill's boy".


====Comparatives and Superlatives====
====Comparatives and Superlatives====
Anyar
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