2,334
edits
Takkenit: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
→Nouns
m (→Nouns) |
(→Nouns) |
||
| Line 142: | Line 142: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| -n || -ki-ŋ/-ka-ŋ || -i-nək | | -n || -ki-ŋ/-ka-ŋ || -i-nək/-u | ||
|-" | |-" | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| Line 162: | Line 162: | ||
The genitive case is used instead of accusative, when an absence of something is mentioned. For example, in ''kinjəri puŋkim (e)'' ("the dog has a tail") accusative ending is used to mark the direct object, but in ''kinjəri puŋkin ne'' ("the dog has no tail") genitive is used instead. | The genitive case is used instead of accusative, when an absence of something is mentioned. For example, in ''kinjəri puŋkim (e)'' ("the dog has a tail") accusative ending is used to mark the direct object, but in ''kinjəri puŋkin ne'' ("the dog has no tail") genitive is used instead. | ||
The default nominative plural marker in the Takkenit language is '''-t'''. Wnen mentioning something specific, an '''-i-''' infix can be added in most cases. For example the word for "goose" (''kila'') is ''kilit'' in its nominative plural form, if you mention some specific geese, or ''kilat'', if talk about "goose" as a kind of birds (in general). Many nouns in Takkenit do not have dual or plural form, for examle the word ''kujma'' ("fire"), or ''kuŋuma'' ("smoke") which are called uncountable nouns. Words for herds of animals, groups of objects also belong to this category. Some words, like ''unla'' (small river") have irregular dual (''unelki'') and plural (''unelet'') forms, most of them contain a suffix and is a word for places, or weather phenomena. A small number of nouns have a '''-m''' plural marker, which change into '''-p-''' in ablative and genitive. These are words, which can only be a patient and never an agent of a sentence. A good example is ''kerni'' ("flint"), which is ''kernam'' in both nominative and accusative, ''kernapu'' in genitive and ''kernapta'' in ablative plural. The last irregular category contains some very old words, like terms of kinship and tools which have an -uj- or -aj- plural infixes which do not require neither dual nor plural markers. For instance, the word ''pujku'' ("son") which has the dual form ''pujkuja'' and the plural ''pujkujət'' (or usually just ''pujkuj''). | |||
In order to mark possession, genitive case is used. But Takkenit does not have possessive pronouns like English "my" or "her". It uses special possessive endings instead, which are attached to a word after all of its suffixes. If a word already contains case or case and number endings, than they are slightly altered and put before and after a possessive ending. For instace, ''kinjərin'' ("of a dog"), ''kinjərimən'' ("of my dog") and ''kinjəritmitən'' ("of our dogs"). | In order to mark possession, genitive case is used. But Takkenit does not have possessive pronouns like English "my" or "her". It uses special possessive endings instead, which are attached to a word after all of its suffixes. If a word already contains case or case and number endings, than they are slightly altered and put before and after a possessive ending. For instace, ''kinjərin'' ("of a dog"), ''kinjərimən'' ("of my dog") and ''kinjəritmitən'' ("of our dogs"). | ||
| Line 200: | Line 202: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
If a plural (sometimes also dual) of a word is different from the default, then the different form will be used. For example, ''pujkujat'' ("your two sons"), ''pujkujtek'' ("sons of both of them"). | |||
If a possession is inalienable, than a suffix ''-kk'' is added, like in ''ŋalwakke'' his/her head. If a possession is alienable and temporary (it was given to someone for a short period of time, borrowed) than a suffix ''-ŋ'' is added instead - ''nakraŋəm'' - "the knife I borrowed". | |||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||