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Skyrdagor: Difference between revisions
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Most Skyrdagor nouns only inflect for two cases (absolutive and ergative), with no number marking on the nouns themselves; generic quantifiers or numbers with classifiers are used instead. Note, though, that some irregular nouns have a third, fossilized, oblique form (used with most adpositions), and there are some apparent singular/plural pairs, which are however usually analyzed as distinct lemmas. | Most Skyrdagor nouns only inflect for two cases (absolutive and ergative), with no number marking on the nouns themselves; generic quantifiers or numbers with classifiers are used instead. Note, though, that some irregular nouns have a third, fossilized, oblique form (used with most adpositions), and there are some apparent singular/plural pairs, which are however usually analyzed as distinct lemmas.<br/>Each noun is defined as naturally animate or inanimate, something that has a notable effect on the whole grammar – inanimate nouns do not exist in the ergative case. | ||
Some Skyrdagor nouns feature obligatory possession, for example the stem ''bajn-'' (mother) cannot occur without a possessive suffix, i.e. ''bajnym'' "my mother", ''bajnth'' "your (<small>M</small>) mother". Most are common stems, such as ''fon-'' (father), ''szyks-'' (leg), ''ljav-'' (head)... The word stem ''kivly-'' (hand) is obligatorily possessed, but it also has the form ''kivlah'' that acts as the numeral "five". | Some Skyrdagor nouns feature obligatory possession, for example the stem ''bajn-'' (mother) cannot occur without a possessive suffix, i.e. ''bajnym'' "my mother", ''bajnth'' "your (<small>M</small>) mother". Most are common stems, such as ''fon-'' (father), ''szyks-'' (leg), ''ljav-'' (head)... The word stem ''kivly-'' (hand) is obligatorily possessed, but it also has the form ''kivlah'' that acts as the numeral "five". | ||
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Examples: ''humyg'' [xumoː] "son" → ''humygyz'' [xumoːz]; ''hjezla'' [c͡çe͡ɛːɮa] "woman" → ''hjezlaz'' [c͡çe͡ɛːɮaz]; ''lekarn'' [ɮɛkɒ˞n] "man" → ''lekarnaz'' [ɮɛkɒ˞naz]; ''cselsengejel'' [tʃæ͡ɑɬɛŋeːəɮ] "a person from Cselsengeg" → ''cselsengejelyz''; ''halyncs'' [xɑɮɯntʃ] "deer" → ''halyncsjoz'' [xɑɮɯntɕ(ɪ̆)jɔz] | Examples: ''humyg'' [xumoː] "son" → ''humygyz'' [xumoːz]; ''hjezla'' [c͡çe͡ɛːɮa] "woman" → ''hjezlaz'' [c͡çe͡ɛːɮaz]; ''lekarn'' [ɮɛkɒ˞n] "man" → ''lekarnaz'' [ɮɛkɒ˞naz]; ''cselsengejel'' [tʃæ͡ɑɬɛŋeːəɮ] "a person from Cselsengeg" → ''cselsengejelyz''; ''halyncs'' [xɑɮɯntʃ] "deer" → ''halyncsjoz'' [xɑɮɯntɕ(ɪ̆)jɔz]. | ||
Obligatorily possessed nouns instead use an ''-(a)sza-'' infix before the possessive, e.g. ''bajnaszam'' "my mother <small>(ERG)</small>", ''bajnaszath'' "your (m) mother <small>(ERG)</small>"... | Obligatorily possessed nouns instead use an ''-(a)sza-'' infix before the possessive, e.g. ''bajnaszam'' "my mother <small>(ERG)</small>", ''bajnaszath'' "your (m) mother <small>(ERG)</small>"... | ||