Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions

:: '''Singular''' (''lailausire niañis'')

:: '''Dual''' (''daniausire niañis'')

:: '''Plural''' (''tailiausire niañis'')

:: '''Dative''' (''męliausire dirūnnevya'')

:: '''Locative''' (''yutiūkire dirūnnevya'')

| ḍhogayi || ḍhogajña || ḍhogyumi²

| yujmæ || yujmian || yujamūn

| javilei || javiliāra || javiliān

| javili || javileva³ || javiliumi

# ''-ьa'', ''-ьā'', ''-ya'', and ''-yā'' nouns form the genitive singular in ''-ei'' (e.g. ''laliā'' "night" → ''lalei''). Nouns in ''-ьah'', ''-ьāh'', ''-yah'', and ''-yāh'', however, have the regular ending (e.g. ''yamyah'' "fog" → ''yamyi'').

| rowspan=2 | '''lila'''<br/><small>''"person"''</small> || rowspan=2 | lilāt || rowspan=2 | leliē

| lilu || lilāṣa || leliu

| lilei || lilāra || leliei

| lilan || lilarį || lelian

| lilat || lilabhan || leliat

| lilom || lilarį || leliom

| lilų || lilabhan || lelių

| lilap || lilabhan || leliap

| halenies || halemva || haloemi

| halenie || haloegin || halenilīm

* ''maila'' “water” does not have a dual form outside of colloquial use (where ''mailion'' is used with the meaning of “two glasses of water”) and has the irregular plural ''mailtiąa''. It declines as a ''singular'' 1h noun, with two exceptions, namely accusative in ''-ąu'' instead of expected *-ahu and genitive in ''-ąi'' instead of expected *-ahi. This plural form is actually common, used when talking about bodies of water in an area, water layers, glasses of water, and a few minor idiomatic uses (e.g. ''taili mailtiahe hilæflulke'', lit. “to arrive by crossing many waters”, meaning “to have had much experience”).<br/>The ''-tiąa'' semantic plural is also used for the word ''damītah'' when used for "petals" (''damīšciąa''; the meaning of "nails" has the regular plural ''damītai''), and ''lairē'' (''lairtiąa'', which does not mean "skies" but "galaxy").

** Some pluralia tantum are the plural forms of nouns with other (usually related) meanings - when they are used as semantic plurals, they're counted with cardinal numerals (and are singular); when they are used as pluralia tantum, with collective numerals (and are plural). Examples are ''hamvyenī'' "nursery" (''hamvyoe'' "cradle"), ''įsmirte'' "playground" (''įsmirtas'' "swing"), ''nacai'' "clothes" (''naca'' "cloth"), ''garaṇai'' "clock, watch" (''garaṇa'' "hour"), ''lairtiąa'' "galaxy" (''lairē'' "sky").

* ''ñæltah'' "(male's) sister" — ''ñæli'' or ''ñælь''

* When referring to existence or availability of something, that something is always singular, e.g. ''dvārma lædьlęs virā'' "there are chairs in the room". It may be plural if topicalized, but the overall meaning of the sentence changes - e.g. ''lædьlai mæn dvārma virā'' "the chairs are in the room".