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Chlouvānem/Exterior and interior verbs: Difference between revisions
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Chlouvānem/Exterior and interior verbs (view source)
Revision as of 15:40, 24 May 2018
, 24 May 2018→Volition
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:: The door opens. (interior) | :: The door opens. (interior) | ||
The "uncontrollable third party" causes the verb to be interior; compare also the following sentence: | The "uncontrollable third party" causes the verb to be interior; compare also the following sentence: | ||
: ''geiras voldvē pṝsparšvē no ! haleyirte gu dradhvute ša : nusmētte | : ''geiras voldvē pṝsparšvē no ! haleyirte gu dradhvute ša : nusmētte sāmyåh nālyom kulūyite !'' | ||
:: The door keeps being opened and closed! I can't have any peace, tell your brother to stop it! | :: The door keeps being opened and closed! I can't have any peace, tell your brother to stop it! | ||
In this example, even if there is no explicit agent at first, when the verbs ''voldveke'' and ''pṝsparšveke'' (the frequentatives of ''valde'' "to open" and ''spṛške'' "to close" respectively) are introduced, they are exterior, because it is not an uncontrollable action, as it becomes clear at the end of the sentence.<br/>
However, even if the agent is an uncontrollable third party, as for example the wind (''prātas'') is, as long as it is explicitly stated the sentence uses an exterior verb nonetheless: | In this example, even if there is no explicit agent at first, when the verbs ''voldveke'' and ''pṝsparšveke'' (the frequentatives of ''valde'' "to open" and ''spṛške'' "to close" respectively) are introduced, they are exterior, because it is not an uncontrollable action, as it becomes clear at the end of the sentence.<br/>
However, even if the agent is an uncontrollable third party, as for example the wind (''prātas'') is, as long as it is explicitly stated the sentence uses an exterior verb nonetheless: | ||
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Non-volitional actions expressed by interior verbs may however have an explicit agent when that agent is typically human and the action was accidental, e.g. with ''juniake'' "to paint": | Non-volitional actions expressed by interior verbs may however have an explicit agent when that agent is typically human and the action was accidental, e.g. with ''juniake'' "to paint": | ||
: ''ṣveya lēyet ūnikan | : ''ṣveya lēyet ūnikan ujunya'' | ||
:: I painted the wall red. = It is the wall I painted red. [it was my intention to do so] (exterior) | :: I painted the wall red. = It is the wall I painted red. [it was my intention to do so] (exterior) | ||
: ''ṣveya līp ūnikan ujunirā'' | : ''ṣveya līp ūnikan ujunirā'' | ||