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Valthungian: Difference between revisions
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|colspan=9| <small>Nouns with roots ending in a syllabic sonorant (i.e. an obstruent followed by a sonorant consonant) have a slightly different paradigm. There is an epenthetic /a/ in the nominative and accusative singular, and lack of metathesis in the dative and accusative plural.</small> | |colspan=9| <small>Nouns with roots ending in a syllabic sonorant (i.e. an obstruent followed by a sonorant consonant) have a slightly different paradigm. There is an epenthetic /a/ in the nominative and accusative singular, and lack of metathesis in the dative and accusative plural.</small> | ||
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|align="right" rowspan= | |align="right" rowspan=4 valign="top"| ''Clusters:'' ||align="center"| ast<span style="color:red">_</span> ||align="center"| ast'''is''' ||align="center"| ast'''a''' ||align="center"| ast ||align="center"| ast'''as''' ||align="center"| ast'''a''' ||align="center"| ast'''ma''' ||align="center"| ast'''nas''' || ''‘branch’'' | ||
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|align="center"| wer<span style="color:red">_</span> ||align="center"| wer'''is''' ||align="center"| wer'''a''' ||align="center"| wer ||align="center"| wer'''as''' ||align="center"| wer'''a''' ||align="center"| wer'''ma''' ||align="center"| wer'''nas''' || ''‘man’'' | |align="center"| wer<span style="color:red">_</span> ||align="center"| wer'''is''' ||align="center"| wer'''a''' ||align="center"| wer ||align="center"| wer'''as''' ||align="center"| wer'''a''' ||align="center"| wer'''ma''' ||align="center"| wer'''nas''' || ''‘man’'' | ||
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|align="center"| ams<span style="color:red">_</span> ||align="center"| ams'''is''' ||align="center"| ams'''a''' ||align="center"| ams ||align="center"| ams'''as''' ||align="center"| ams'''a''' ||align="center"| ams'''ma''' ||align="center"| ams'''nas''' || ''‘shoulder’'' | |align="center"| ams<span style="color:red">_</span> ||align="center"| ams'''is''' ||align="center"| ams'''a''' ||align="center"| ams ||align="center"| ams'''as''' ||align="center"| ams'''a''' ||align="center"| ams'''ma''' ||align="center"| ams'''nas''' || ''‘shoulder’'' | ||
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|colspan=9| <small>This category deals with three different types of changes, but because the results are the same, I’ve combined them here. In all of these examples, the final /s/ is deleted (or assimilated) from the nominative. In the first example, this is the result of a cluster simplification rule (sps, sts, sks, fts → sp, st, sk, ft, respectively). The second | |colspan=9| <small>This category deals with three different types of changes, but because the results are the same, I’ve combined them here. In all of these examples, the final /s/ is deleted (or assimilated) from the nominative. In the first example, this is the result of a cluster simplification rule (sps, sts, sks, fts → sp, st, sk, ft, respectively). The second and third examples are the result of much earlier (pre-Gothic) assimilation of /s/ in words ending with /s/ or /r/. In Gothic, the second type only applied to certain short syllables, but it became universal for all nouns ending in /r/ by the time of Valthungian.</small> | ||
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|align="right" rowspan=4 valign="top"| ''Voicing Alternation:'' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">f</span>s'''||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:green">v</span>is''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:green">v</span>a''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">f</span>''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:green">v</span>as''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:green">v</span>a''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:green">v</span>ma''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:green">v</span>nas''' || ''‘bread’'' | |align="right" rowspan=4 valign="top"| ''Voicing Alternation:'' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">f</span>s'''||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:green">v</span>is''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:green">v</span>a''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:blue">f</span>''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:green">v</span>as''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:green">v</span>a''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:green">v</span>ma''' ||align="center"| þlǣ'''<span style="color:green">v</span>nas''' || ''‘bread’'' | ||
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|colspan=9| <small>Roots ending in /g/ or /d/ undergo affrication in the nominative singular. They are otherwise declined normally. Furthermore, nouns traditionally classified as “nd-stems” in Proto-Germanic and Gothic have been assimilated into this class.</small> | |colspan=9| <small>Roots ending in /g/ or /d/ undergo affrication in the nominative singular. They are otherwise declined normally. Furthermore, nouns traditionally classified as “nd-stems” in Proto-Germanic and Gothic have been assimilated into this class.</small> | ||
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|align="right" rowspan=3 valign="top"| ''Continuant Clusters:'' ||align="center"| hwe'''<span style="color:green">r</span><span style="color: | |align="right" rowspan=3 valign="top"| ''Continuant Clusters:'' ||align="center"| hwe'''<span style="color:green">r</span><span style="color:blue">b</span>s'''||align="center"| hwe'''<span style="color:green">rv</span>is''' ||align="center"| hwe'''<span style="color:green">rv</span>a''' ||align="center"| hwe'''<span style="color:green">r</span><span style="color:blue">b</span>'''||align="center"| hwe'''<span style="color:green">rv</span>as''' ||align="center"| hwe'''<span style="color:green">rv</span>a''' ||align="center"| hwe'''<span style="color:green">rv</span><span style="color:red">am</span>''' ||align="center"| hwe'''<span style="color:green">rv</span><span style="color:red">ans</span>''' || ''‘planet’'' | ||
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|align="center"| ba'''<span style="color:green">r</span><span style="color:purple">ǧ</span>'''||align="center"| ba'''<span style="color:green">rð</span>is''' ||align="center"| ba'''<span style="color:green">rð</span>a''' ||align="center"| ba'''<span style="color:green">r</span><span style="color: | |align="center"| ba'''<span style="color:green">r</span><span style="color:purple">ǧ</span>'''||align="center"| ba'''<span style="color:green">rð</span>is''' ||align="center"| ba'''<span style="color:green">rð</span>a''' ||align="center"| ba'''<span style="color:green">r</span><span style="color:blue">d</span>'''||align="center"| ba'''<span style="color:green">rð</span>as''' ||align="center"| ba'''<span style="color:green">rð</span>a''' ||align="center"| ba'''<span style="color:green">rð</span><span style="color:red">am</span>''' ||align="center"| ba'''<span style="color:green">rð</span><span style="color:red">ans</span>''' || ''‘beard’'' | ||
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|colspan=9| <small>Roots ending in a cluster of a liquid followed by a voiced fricative (i.e /lv, rv, lð, rð, lž/), similar to the Syllabics group, blocks metathesis in the Dative and Accusative Plural declensions. Other phonological considerations from other groups may also apply (indicated in blue).</small> | |colspan=9| <small>Roots ending in a cluster of a liquid followed by a voiced fricative (i.e /lv, rv, lð, rð, lž/), similar to the Syllabics group, blocks metathesis in the Dative and Accusative Plural declensions. Other phonological considerations from other groups may also apply (indicated in blue).</small> | ||