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===Mora Loss=== | ===Mora Loss=== | ||
''Mora Loss consists of three contemporaneous changes to unstressed word-final syllables: The deletion of non-strident coronal consonants, the deletion of short vowels, and the shortening of long vowels.'' | |||
====Coronal Consonant Deletion==== | ====Coronal Consonant Deletion==== | ||
<big> | |||
C[+obs][+cor][-sdt] > Ø / V[-str]C<sub>o</sub>__## | |||
</big> | |||
''A non-strident coronal obstruent (i.e. /t, þ, d/, but not /s, z/) is deleted'' after an unstressed vowel when word-final. (One or more consonants - probably sonorants - may intervene between the unstressed vowel and the word-final consonant.)'' | |||
E.g.<br /> | |||
<nowiki>*</nowiki>déḱm̥t ‘ten’, *mélit ‘honey’, *h₂epóteroṓd ‘from behind’ ><br /> | |||
<nowiki>*</nowiki>téhund, *míliþ, *áfterôt ><br /> | |||
<nowiki>*</nowiki>téhun_, *míli_, *áfterô_ | |||
Eventually, Gothic ''taihun'', ''*mili'', ''aftarō'' | |||
====Unstr. Final Short Vowel Deletion==== | ====Unstr. Final Short Vowel Deletion==== | ||
<big> | |||
V[-lng][-str] > Ø / ...complicated order. | |||
</big> | |||
''a) Unstressed /a, e, i/ is deleted if following a long stressed syllable when word-final or when followed by word-final /z/.''<br /> | |||
''b) Any unstressed short vowel (i.e. /a, e, i, u/) is deleted after an unstressed syllable when word-final or when followed by word-final /z/.''<br /> | |||
''c) (Later), unstressed /a, e, i/ is deleted when word-final. | |||
E.g.<br /> | |||
<nowiki>*</nowiki>ā́gʰes ‘fear’, *wóido ‘I have seen’, *dʰegʷʰos ‘day’, *suHnús ‘son’ > <br /> | |||
<nowiki>*</nowiki>ṓgiz, *waita, *dagaz, *sunuz ><br /> | |||
<nowiki>*</nowiki>ōg_z, *wait_, *dag_z, ''but'' *sunuz | |||
Eventually, Gothic ''ōgs'', ''*wait'', ''dags'', but ''sunus''. | |||
====Final Unstr. Long Vowel Shortening==== | ====Final Unstr. Long Vowel Shortening==== | ||
<!-- | |||
===Name=== | |||
''Relevant commentary...'' | |||
<big> | |||
Rule, e.g.: i,u > e,o / __[+str]{r,h⁽ʷ⁾} | |||
‘’ | |||
</big> | |||
''Rephrase and repeat rule long-form: /i/ becomes /e/ and /u/ becomes /o/ when stressed before /r/, /h/, or /hʷ/'' | |||
E.g.<br /> | |||
<nowiki>*</nowiki> ‘’, * ‘’, *‘’ ><br /> | |||
<nowiki>*</nowiki>, *, * ><br /> | |||
<nowiki>*</nowiki>, *, * | |||
--> | |||
==Historical Sound Changes from East-Germanic to Gothic (ca. 0-400a.d.)== | ==Historical Sound Changes from East-Germanic to Gothic (ca. 0-400a.d.)== | ||