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Chlouvānem/Syntax: Difference between revisions
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→Past and perfect
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* ''dašejilda līlta viṣustura no'' - “it has rained, and the path has collapsed”. Perfect “tense”: the path is not walkable due to it having collapsed. | * ''dašejilda līlta viṣustura no'' - “it has rained, and the path has collapsed”. Perfect “tense”: the path is not walkable due to it having collapsed. | ||
An extension of this pattern is seen in that use where the past may imply, with some verbs, the cancellation of the original result through the opposite action, e.g.: | An extension of this pattern is seen in that use where the past may imply, with some verbs, the cancellation of the original result through the opposite action, e.g.: | ||
* ''hālyehulca prāgdeiru vuldate'' - " | * ''hālyehulca prāgdeiru vuldate'' - "Hālyehulca (has) opened the window." Here, the perfect implies that the window is still open at the sentence's time (in this case, the present). | ||
* ''hālyehulca prāgdeiru uldekte'' - " | * ''hālyehulca prāgdeiru uldekte'' - "Hālyehulca opened the window." Here, the past implies that the window has since been closed. | ||
A [[Chlouvānem/Calendar_and_time#Expressing_time_in_Chlouv.C4.81nem|"translative ''sām''"]] (i.e. "for a certain period of time") is typically present whenever the past form is used: | A [[Chlouvānem/Calendar_and_time#Expressing_time_in_Chlouv.C4.81nem|"translative ''sām''"]] (i.e. "for a certain period of time") is typically present whenever the past form is used: | ||
* ''hālyehulca prāgdeiru māmei railan sām uldekte'' - | * ''hālyehulca prāgdeiru māmei railan sām uldekte'' - Hālyehulca opened the window for twelve ''railai'' = ''hālyehulca prāgdeiru vuldate : tū māmei railų nin spṛšekte/aspṛšate'' - "Hāliehulca opened the window, then closed it twelve ''railai'' later". Note that in the latter verb both the past and the perfect may be used freely; in colloquial style this is also possible for the first verb (e.g. ''hālyehulca prāgdeiru uldekte ...''), but this is considered a mistake in more formal contexts, c.f. the alternative translation "Hālyehulca, who had opened the window, ..." | ||
Both the past and the perfect can be frequentative: | Both the past and the perfect can be frequentative: | ||