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→Pronouns
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!width="150"| Equal !!width="150"| Family !!width="150"| Stranger / Neutral !!width="150"| Teacher / Parent !!width="150"| Student / Child | !width="150"| Equal !!width="150"| Family !!width="150"| Stranger / Neutral !!width="150"| Teacher / Parent !!width="150"| Student / Child !! | ||
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| '''chal'''|| '''cham'''|| '''chā'''||'''char'''||'''chāh'''||align=left valign=top| first person singular, ‘I’ | | '''chal'''|| '''cham'''|| '''chā'''<small><sup>1</sup></small>||'''char'''||'''chāh'''<small><sup>2</sup></small>||align=left valign=top| first person singular, ‘I’ | ||
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|colspan=2| '''kit'''|| '''kāl'''|| '''kālli'''||'''chit'''||align=left valign=top| second person singular ‘you’ | |colspan=2| '''kit'''|| '''kāl'''|| '''kālli'''||'''chit'''<small><sup>3</sup></small>||align=left valign=top| second person singular ‘you’ | ||
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| '''yun'''|| '''yumi'''|| '''yun'''||'''yunum'''||'''yunīllah'''||align=left valign=top| third person singular animate ‘he / she’ | | '''yun'''|| '''yumi'''|| '''yun'''||'''yunum'''||'''yunīllah'''||align=left valign=top| third person singular animate ‘he / she’<small><sup>4</sup></small> | ||
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|colspan=5| '''wih'''||align=left valign=top| third person singular inanimate ‘it’ | |colspan=5| '''wih'''||align=left valign=top| third person singular inanimate ‘it’ | ||
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| '''kichal'''|| '''kicham'''|| '''(chā ha kāl)'''||'''chakrālli'''||'''jachīt'''||align=left valign=top| first person dual inclusive ‘you and I, we’ | | '''kichal'''|| '''kicham'''|| '''(chā ha kāl)'''<small><sup>5</sup></small>||'''chakrālli'''<small><sup>6</sup></small>||'''jachīt'''||align=left valign=top| first person dual inclusive ‘you and I, we’<small><sup>7</sup></small> | ||
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| '''jāla'''|| '''jahla'''|| '''jal'''||'''jālinum'''||'''jahla'''||align=left valign=top| first person plural, ‘we’ | | '''jāla'''|| '''jahla'''|| '''jal'''||'''jālinum'''||'''jahla'''||align=left valign=top| first person plural, ‘we’ | ||
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| '''gīs'''|| '''gīt'''|| '''gillā'''||'''gailinūh'''||'''gīt'''||align=left valign=top| second person plural, ‘you (all)’ | | '''gīs'''|| '''gīt'''|| '''gillā'''||'''gailinūh'''||'''gīt'''||align=left valign=top| second person plural, ‘you (all)’ | ||
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|colspan=3| '''yaum'''|| '''yaunūh'''|| '''yaunīllah'''||align=left valign=top| third person plural animate, ‘they’ | |colspan=3| '''yaum'''|| '''yaunūh'''<small><sup>8</sup></small>|| '''yaunīllah'''<small><sup>9</sup></small>||align=left valign=top| third person plural animate, ‘they’ | ||
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|colspan=5| '''waih'''||align=left valign=top| third person plural inanimate, ‘they, those things’ | |colspan=5| '''waih'''||align=left valign=top| third person plural inanimate, ‘they, those things’<small><sup>10</sup></small> | ||
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<small><sup>1</sup></small> Etymological reference to ''chātturharri'' ‘second brother’, indicates friendship.<br /> | |||
<small><sup>2</sup></small> Etymological reference to ''laichāh'', the yellow shadow from the red sun, indicates compliance.<br /> | |||
<small><sup>3</sup></small> Etymological reference to ''chitir'', the red shadow from the yellow sun, indicates truculence.<br /> | |||
<small><sup>4</sup></small> There is no gender distinction in the third person pronouns, though there is a distinction between animate (“he/she”) and inanimate (“it”).<br /> | |||
<small><sup>5</sup></small> There is not a single pronoun to represent this idea; instead it is rendered simply as “I and you”.<br /> | |||
<small><sup>6</sup></small> Metathesis of ''char''+''kālli'', because /rk/ is not a legal intrasyllabic sequence.<br /> | |||
<small><sup>7</sup></small> The first person dual inclusive pronoun (“you and I”) is optional; there is not a plural inclusive, and all other first person non-singular roles are assumed by the first person plural, whether inclusive or exclusive.<br /> | |||
<small><sup>8</sup></small> “They who are my parents/mentors/teachers.”<br /> | |||
<small><sup>9</sup></small> “They who are my children/students.”<br /> | |||
<small><sup>10</sup></small> As with the third person singular, there is an animacy distinction in the third person plural (both rendered as ‘they’ in English). | |||
==Phrase Book== | ==Phrase Book== | ||