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Pradiul: Difference between revisions
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ '''Consonant phonemes of Pradjuul''' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | | |||
! colspan="2" | Labial | |||
! colspan="2" | Alveolar | |||
! colspan="2" | "Click" | |||
! Palatal | |||
! Velar | |||
! colspan="2" | Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! {{small|plain}} | |||
! {{small|pal.}} | |||
! {{small|plain}} | |||
! {{small|pal.}} | |||
! {{small|plain}} | |||
! {{small|pal.}} | |||
! {{small|pal.}} | |||
! {{small|plain}} | |||
! {{small|plain}} | |||
! {{small|pal.}} | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Nasal | |||
| '''m''' m || '''mj''' mʲ | |||
| '''n''' n̪ || '''nj''' nʲ | |||
| '''ꞥ''' ŋ! || '''ꞥj''' ŋ!ʲ | |||
| '''ŋj''' ɲ || '''ŋ''' ŋ | |||
| || | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Stop | |||
! | <small>plain</small> | |||
| '''p''' p || '''pj''' pʲ | |||
| '''t''' t̪ || '''tj''' tʲ | |||
| '''ŧ''' ! || '''ŧj''' !ʲ | |||
| '''kj''' c || '''k''' k | |||
| '''ʔ''' ʔ || '''ʔj''' ʔʲ | |||
|- | |||
! | <small>implosive</small> | |||
| '''b''' ɓ || '''bj''' ɓʲ | |||
| '''d''' ɗ || '''dj''' ɗʲ | |||
| || | |||
| || | |||
| || | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Affricate | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| '''ts''' t̪͡s̪ || '''tsj''' t͡sʲ | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| || | |||
| || | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Fricative | |||
! {{small|voiceless}} | |||
| '''f''' f || '''fj''' fʲ | |||
| '''s''' s̪ || '''sj''' sʲ | |||
| '''sh''' ʃ || '''shj''' ʃʲ | |||
| '''xj, hj''' ç || '''x''' x | |||
| '''h''' h || | |||
|- | |||
! {{small|voiced}} | |||
| rowspan="2" | '''v''' v || rowspan="2" | '''vj''' vʲ | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| || | |||
| || | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Approximant | |||
| '''l''' ɫ̪ | |||
| '''lj''' lʲ | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| '''y''' j || | |||
| || | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Trill | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| '''r''' r || '''rj''' rʲ | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
| || | |||
| || | |||
|} | |||
Allowed finals: '''p t k m n ng l r y w h ʔ''' /p t k m n ŋ ɫ̪ r j w h ʔ/ | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
i ʉ u e ɵ o a iː ʉː uː eː ɵː oː aː iə ʉə uə | |||
(In Pradjuul > 'i 'u u i 'ə ə a 'iː 'uː uː iː 'əː aː 'aː 'iə 'uə uə) | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=" text-align:center;" | |||
|+ '''Vowel phonemes''' | |||
! rowspan="2" style=""| | |||
! colspan="2" style="" |Front | |||
! colspan="2" style="" |Central | |||
! colspan="2" style="" |Back | |||
|- | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>short</small> | |||
!style="width: 45px; "|<small>long</small> | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Close | |||
| '''i''' /i/ | |||
| '''ii''' /iː/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''u''' /u/ | |||
| '''uu''' /uː/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Mid | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''e''' /ə/ | |||
| '''ee''' /əː/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Open | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''a''' /a/ | |||
| '''aa''' /aː/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
Diphthongs: '''ia ua''' /iə uə/ | |||
==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||