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==Verbs== | |||
There are eight main conjugation types in South Carpathian. Some verbs can show some irregularities in their conjugation, though most of those are predictable. As an example a I type verb maed "to speak" and its negative counterpart emaed "not to speak" are given in the table below. | |||
{| class="wikitable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="12" | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | |||
! colspan="8" | Tense | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Present | |||
! colspan="2" | Past | |||
! colspan="2" | Perfect | |||
! colspan="2" | *Pluperfect<ref group=note>This tense is not used anymore. However, it can be found in an old literature.</ref> | |||
|- | |||
! Mood !! Person !! Positive !! [[w:Negative verb|Negative]] !! Positive !! Negative !! Positive !! Negative !! Positive !! Negative | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan=7 | Indicative | |||
|- | |||
! 1<sup>st</sup> sg | |||
| maes || mas || maus || magus || maelĭd || emailĭd || ĭgĭs maen || oais maen | |||
|- | |||
! 2<sup>nd</sup> sg | |||
| maeš || maš || mauš || maguš || maešĭg || emaišĭg ||ĭgĭš maen || oaiš maen | |||
|- | |||
! 3<sup>rd</sup> sg | |||
| maju || mai || majub || maub || majui || emai || ĭagĭ maen || oai maen | |||
|- | |||
! 1<sup>st</sup> pl | |||
| malk || emalk || maulok || magulok || malok || emalok || ĭskĭ maen || oaskĭ maen | |||
|- | |||
! 2<sup>nd</sup> pl | |||
| mašk || emašk || maušĭk || magušĭk || mašĭk || emašĭk || ĭškĭ maen || oaškĭ maen | |||
|- | |||
! 3<sup>rd</sup> pl | |||
| mauk || maguk || maibĭ || magib || mampĭu || emampĭu || ĭkĭ maen || oakĭ maen | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan=7 | Conditional | |||
|- | |||
! 1<sup>st</sup> sg | |||
| mačĭs || emačĭs || colspan=2 rowspan=6 | || mačailĭd || emačailĭd || colspan=2 rowspan=6 | | |||
|- | |||
! 2<sup>nd</sup> sg | |||
| mačĭš || emačĭš || mačaišĭg || emačaišĭg | |||
|- | |||
! 3<sup>rd</sup> sg | |||
| mačĭu || emačĭu || mačajui || emačai | |||
|- | |||
! 1<sup>st</sup> pl | |||
| mažălk || emačălk || mačălok || emačălok | |||
|- | |||
! 2<sup>nd</sup> pl | |||
| mažăšk || emačăšk || mačăšĭk || emačăšĭk | |||
|- | |||
! 3<sup>rd</sup> pl | |||
| mažĭuk || emačĭuk || mažămpĭu || emažămpĭu | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan=7 | Imperative | |||
|- | |||
! 1<sup>st</sup> sg | |||
| makon || emakon || colspan=2 rowspan=6 | || ĭgon maen || oagon maen || colspan=2 rowspan=6 | | |||
|- | |||
! 2<sup>nd</sup> sg | |||
| makĭg || emakĭg || ĭgĭg maen || oagĭg maen | |||
|- | |||
! 3<sup>rd</sup> sg | |||
| makai || emakai || ĭgai maen || oagai maen | |||
|- | |||
! 1<sup>st</sup> pl | |||
| makosăk || emakosăk || ĭgosăk maen || oagosăk maen | |||
|- | |||
! 2<sup>nd</sup> pl | |||
| makĭvăk || emakĭvăk || ĭgĭvăk maen || oagĭvăk maen | |||
|- | |||
! 3<sup>rd</sup> pl | |||
| maenkai || emankai || ĭgănkai maen || oagănkai maen | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{{reflist|group=note}} | |||
South Carpathian has three types of infinitives, denoted with Roman numerals. The infinitive I or the i-infinitive is a dictionary form of verbs. Endings of this infinitive are ''-ĕd'', ''-ăd'' and ''-ĭt''. This infinitive corresponds to English infinitive (like "to do"). The infinitive II expresses process of action, its endings are ''-me'' and ''-mo''. The infinitive III expresses a completed action or manner of action and behaves like a verbal noun. The usual ending of the third infinitive is ''-n'', in older texts ''-män/-man'' was also present. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Infinitive !! English translation !! Infinitive !! English translation !! Infinitive !! English translation | |||
|- | |||
| ''maed'' || to speak || ''tobăd'' || to walk || ''mergĕd'' || "to move" | |||
|- | |||
| ''maemo'' || (while) speaking || ''toumo'' || (while) walking || ''merĕme'' || (while) moving | |||
|- | |||
| ''maen'' || speaking (action) || ''tobăn'' || walking (action) || ''mergĕn'' || moving (action) | |||
|} | |||
[[Category:Carpathian languages]] | [[Category:Carpathian languages]] |
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