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Chlouvānem/Syntax: Difference between revisions
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→Locational and instrumental cases
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Aside from destination, the dative expresses the indirect object, prototypically the one something is given to: | Aside from destination, the dative expresses the indirect object, prototypically the one something is given to: | ||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = dānyom emęliaṃte. | |||
| gloss = Dāneh-<small>DAT</small>. give-<small>IND.PERF.1SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | |||
| translation = I've given it to Dāneh. | |||
}} | |||
Similarly, the reverse relation is expressed by the ablative: | Similarly, the reverse relation is expressed by the ablative: | ||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = bhākrų naviṣyāṣa ilākāltaṃte. | |||
| gloss = shelf-<small>ABL.SG</small>. book-<small>ACC.DU</small>. take-<small>IND.FUTINT.1SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | |||
| translation = I'm going to take two books from the shelf. | |||
}} | |||
The dative is also used for purpose but, while the translative (see above) expresses a purpose directly affecting the trigger, a purpose stated with the dative case is a different object (see example sentence 1) or the result of a subsequent, unstated but pragmatically implied, action (see example | The dative is also used for purpose but, while the translative (see above) expresses a purpose directly affecting the trigger, a purpose stated with the dative case is a different object (see example sentence 1) or the result of a subsequent, unstated but pragmatically implied, action (see the second example): | ||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = maivnaviṣye maivesām khloyute. | |||
| gloss = dictionary-<small>LOC.SG</small>. word-<small>DAT.PL</small>. search-<small>IND.PRES.1SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | |||
| translation = I am searching in the dictionary for words. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = kǣɂūvi mayābyom rāmyāhai. | |||
| gloss = plum-<small>DIR.PL</small>. wine-<small>DAT.SG</small>. harvest-<small>IND.PRES.3PL.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. | |||
| translation = Plums are harvested for wine. | |||
}} | |||
The ablative case is also used in comparative structures, marking the thing being compared: | The ablative case is also used in comparative structures, marking the thing being compared: | ||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = dāneh dulmaidanų nanū lalla. | |||
| gloss = Dāneh.<small>DIR</small>. Dulmaidana-<small>ABL</small>. more. tall. | |||
| translation = Dāneh is taller than Dulmaidana. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = nanyā ñæltah jardāmų lāma chlǣcæm pūnē. | |||
| gloss = your.<small>HIGHER.DIR</small>. sister.<small>DIR.SG</small>. Jardām-<small>ABL</small>. <small>HON</small>. better. work-<small>IND.PRES.3SG.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. | |||
| translation = Your sister works better than Mr. Jardām. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = nenē naviṣya yaivų nanū ñæñuchlire. | |||
| gloss = this.<small>DIR</small>. book.<small>DIR.SG</small>. all-<small>ABL</small>. more. be_beautiful-<small>IND.PRES.3SG.INTERIOR.COMMON</small>. | |||
| translation = This book is the most beautiful. | |||
}} | |||
It is also used to state a cause or reason, if it is an abstract noun: | It is also used to state a cause or reason, if it is an abstract noun: | ||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = kairų hånyadaikirek. | |||
| gloss = love-<small>ABL.SG</small>. be_happy-<small>IND.PAST.3SG.INTERIOR.COMMON</small>. | |||
| translation = (S)he was happy for love. | |||
}} | |||
====Only==== | ====Only==== | ||
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{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
| phrase = nęltayų viṣāmi gu vi ša, gu našabuṃṣanah! | | phrase = nęltayų viṣāmi gu vi ša, gu našabuṃṣanah! | ||
| gloss = 4_mark-<small>ABL.SG</small>. something_else. <small>NEG</small>=be.<small>PRES.IND.3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>.=<small>NEG</small>. | | gloss = 4_mark-<small>ABL.SG</small>. something_else. <small>NEG</small>=be.<small>PRES.IND.3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>.=<small>NEG</small>. – no. drought.<small>DIR.SG</small>. | ||
| translation = It's only a ''nęltayas''<ref>The lowest passing school mark used in most dioceses of the Inquisition.</ref>, it's not a disaster! | | translation = It's only a ''nęltayas''<ref>The lowest passing school mark used in most dioceses of the Inquisition.</ref>, it's not a disaster! | ||
}} | }} | ||