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m (→The optative) |
m (→didān) |
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=====''didān''===== | =====''didān''===== | ||
The adverbial particle ''didān'' (derived from ''dǣ dǣ no'', literally "again and again", attested in Archaic Chlouvānem) marks repetitivity, i.e. "to keep doing something". As it is semantically imperfective, it is not used with the perfect or the intentional future tenses. | The adverbial particle ''didān'' (derived from ''dǣ dǣ no'', literally "again and again", attested in Archaic Chlouvānem) marks repetitivity, i.e. "to keep doing something". As it is semantically imperfective, it is not used with the perfect or the intentional future tenses. | ||
* '' | * ''nanau didān yašaute'' — I kept reading it. | ||
* '' | * ''nanau didān yašute'' — I keep reading it. | ||
* '' | * ''nanau didān yahiṣyaṃte'' — I will keep reading it. | ||
The same form may be expressed with an auxiliary construction made from the infinitive plus ''mālchake'' (e.g. '' | The same form may be expressed with an auxiliary construction made from the infinitive plus ''mālchake'' (e.g. ''nanau yahikemālchute'' "I keep reading it") or with a verb derived by means of the prefix ''mai-'' (e.g. ''nanau maiteyašu'' "I keep reading it").<br/> | ||
Conceptually, the frequentative is similar, but the situation implied is different. The iterative '' | Conceptually, the frequentative is similar, but the situation implied is different. The iterative ''nanau didān yašute'' (or equivalents) marks an effort in making the situation repeat itself, in this case the book might be boring but it keeps being read anyway, or the same section is read again and again for an "internal" reason, i.e. the speaker wants to keep reading it. On the other hand, the frequentative ''nanau yāyašveyute'' merely states that the action frequently happens, typically without much effort (e.g. situations require a passage to be read multiple times). As an example, the iterative sentence above might be used by a student reading the same passage again and again while studying because it is not clear enough for them, while the frequentative would be more appropriate in describing a passage read multiple times during liturgy. | ||
=====''gam'' and ''īgam''===== | =====''gam'' and ''īgam''===== |
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