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→Grammatical Orders and Alignments
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===Typology=== | ===Typology=== | ||
The typology of Grayis is predominantly SOV (subject-object-verb), but may be better described as simply verb-final. The positions of subject and object may shift depending on topicality or markedness. | |||
===Morphosyntactic Alignment=== | ===Morphosyntactic Alignment=== | ||
Grayis has what may be considered tripartite alignment, which means that nouns are differentiated for subject, object, and agentive roles; these roles are all marked with particles which may be considered adpositions. | |||
===Other Orders=== | ===Other Orders=== | ||
The Grayis language is predominantly head-final, and this is reflected in many of its more granular alignments. | |||
====Noun Phrases==== | ====Noun Phrases==== | ||
In noun phrases, only adpositions precede the noun. Demonstratives, numerals, adjectives, genitive constructions, and relative clauses all follow the noun, in that specific order (preposition – NOUN – determiner/demonstrative – numeral – adjective (phrase) – genitive (phrase) – relative clause). For example, the noun phrase “with those six tall men from town who stole my ferret” would be assembled in the order: | |||
''nu raiwai’tt’aichī mīkkidj barruh au kī fairrit ā chā’u jik makwat.'' | |||
{| | |||
|- | |||
| nu | |||
|| raiwai | |||
|| itta | |||
|| aichī | |||
|| mīkkidj | |||
|| barruh au | |||
|| kī | |||
|| fairrit ā | |||
|| chā au | |||
|| jik makwat | |||
|- | |||
| <span style="font-variant: small-caps">cmt</span> | |||
|| man.<span style="font-variant: small-caps">pl</span> | |||
|| this | |||
|| six<ref>The plural particle ''hah'' can be thought of as a determiner or numeral. It is not used in conjunction with a number or another adjective that would otherwise indicate plurality (e.g. many, some, seventeen, several, &c).</ref> | |||
|| tall | |||
|| town <span style="font-variant: small-caps">gen</span> | |||
|| <span style="font-variant: small-caps">rel</span>.<span style="font-variant: small-caps">erg</span> | |||
|| ferret <span style="font-variant: small-caps">obj</span> | |||
|| <span style="font-variant: small-caps">1sg</span>.<span style="font-variant: small-caps">gen</span> | |||
|| <span style="font-variant: small-caps">pst</span>.<span style="font-variant: small-caps">pft</span> steal | |||
|- | |||
| with | |||
|| men | |||
|| those | |||
|| six | |||
|| tall | |||
|| from-town | |||
|| who | |||
|| ferret | |||
|| my | |||
|| stole | |||
|} | |||
‘with those six men from town who stole my ferret’ | |||
====Adjective Phrases==== | ====Adjective Phrases==== | ||
In adjective phrases, (adverbial) measurements of degree (very, less, too, &c.) follow the adjective. | |||
''murāgi utta mūri katla'' | |||
{| | |||
|- | |||
| murāgi | |||
|| utta | |||
|| mūri | |||
|| katla | |||
|- | |||
|dog | |||
||that | |||
||good | |||
||very | |||
|} | |||
‘that very good dog’ | |||
====Verb Phrases==== | ====Verb Phrases==== | ||
As mentioned in Typology, Grayis is a verb-final language, and as such, adverbs always immediately precede the verb. In the case of negation, negatives come between the verb and other adverbs. TAM particles, if present, always directly precede the verb after negatives. | |||
==Numbers== | ==Numbers== | ||