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→Pronouns
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!width="100"| Equal !!width="100"| Family !!width="100"| Stranger !!width="100"| Teacher !!width="100"| Student !! | !width="100"| Equal !!width="100"| Family !!width="100"| Stranger !!width="100"| Teacher !!width="100"| Student !! | ||
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| chal | | chal<ref>“I who am your equal”</ref> | ||
||cham | ||cham<ref>“I who am your kinsman”</ref> | ||
||chā<ref>Etymological reference to ''chātturrarri'' ‘second brother’; indicates friendship or friendliness.</ref> | ||chā<ref>“I who am a stranger to you”</ref><ref>Etymological reference to ''chātturrarri'' ‘second brother’; indicates friendship or friendliness.</ref> | ||
||char | ||char<ref>“I who am your teacher or parent”</ref> | ||
||chāh<ref>Though similar in sound to ''chā'', this is an etymological reference to ''laichāh'', the yellow shadow from the red sun; indicates compliance.</ref> | ||chāh<ref>“I who am your student or child”</ref><ref>Though similar in sound to ''chā'', this is an etymological reference to ''laichāh'', the yellow shadow from the red sun; indicates compliance.</ref> | ||
|align=left valign=top| first person singular, ‘I’ | |align=left valign=top| first person singular, ‘I’ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|colspan=2|kit | |colspan=2|kit<ref>“you who are my equal or kinsman”</ref> | ||
||kāl | ||kāl<ref>“you who are a stranger to me”</ref> | ||
||kālli | ||kālli<ref>“you who are my teacher or parent”</ref> | ||
||chit<ref>Etymological reference to ''chitir'', the red shadow from the yellow sun, indicates truculence.</ref> | ||chit<ref>“you who are my student or child”</ref><ref>Etymological reference to ''chitir'', the red shadow from the yellow sun, indicates truculence.</ref> | ||
|align=left valign=top| second person singular ‘you’ | |align=left valign=top| second person singular ‘you’ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| yun | | yun<ref>“he or she who is my equal or unknown to me”</ref> | ||
|| yumi | || yumi<ref>“he or she who is my kinsman”</ref> | ||
|| yun | || yun | ||
||yunum | ||yunum<ref>“he or she who is my teacher or parent”</ref> | ||
||yunīllah | ||yunīllah<ref>“he or she who is my student or child”</ref> | ||
|align=left valign=top| third person singular animate ‘he / she’<ref>There is no gender distinction in the third person pronouns, though there is a distinction between animate (“he/she”) and inanimate (“it”).</ref> | |align=left valign=top| third person singular animate ‘he / she’<ref>There is no gender distinction in the third person pronouns, though there is a distinction between animate (“he/she”) and inanimate (“it”).</ref> | ||
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|align=left valign=top| third person singular inanimate ‘it’ | |align=left valign=top| third person singular inanimate ‘it’ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kichal | | kichal<ref>“you and I who are equals”</ref> | ||
|| kicham | || kicham<ref>“you and I who are kinsmen”</ref> | ||
|| -<ref>There is not a single pronoun to represent this idea; instead it is rendered simply as ''chā ha kāl'' ‘I and you’.</ref> | || -<ref>There is not a single pronoun to represent this idea; instead it is rendered simply as ''chā ha kāl'' ‘I and you’.</ref> | ||
||chakrālli<ref>Metathesis of ''char''+''kālli'', because /rk/ is not a legal intrasyllabic sequence.</ref> | ||chakrālli<ref>“you who are my student or child and I who am your teacher or parent”</ref><ref>Metathesis of ''char''+''kālli'', because /rk/ is not a legal intrasyllabic sequence.</ref> | ||
||jachīt | ||jachīt<ref>“you who are my teacher or parent and I who am your student or child”</ref> | ||
|align=left valign=top| first person dual inclusive ‘you and I, we’<ref>The first person dual inclusive pronoun (“you and I”) is optional; there is not a plural inclusive, and all other first person non-singular roles are assumed by the first person plural, whether inclusive or exclusive.</ref> | |align=left valign=top| first person dual inclusive ‘you and I, we’<ref>The first person dual inclusive pronoun (“you and I”) is optional; there is not a plural inclusive, and all other first person non-singular roles are assumed by the first person plural, whether inclusive or exclusive.</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| jāla | | jāla<ref>“we who are your equals”</ref> | ||
|| jahla | || jahla<ref>“we who are your kinsmen”</ref> | ||
|| jal | || jal<ref>“we who are unknown to you”</ref> | ||
||jālinum | || jālinum<ref>“we who are your teachers or parents”</ref> | ||
||jahla | || jahla<ref>“we who are your students or children”</ref> | ||
|align=left valign=top| first person plural, ‘we’ | |align=left valign=top| first person plural, ‘we’ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| gīs | | gīs<ref>“you who are my equals”</ref> | ||
|| gīt | || gīt<ref>“you who are my kinsmen”</ref> | ||
|| gillā | || gillā<ref>“you who are unknown to me”</ref> | ||
||gailinūh | || gailinūh<ref>“you who are my teachers or parents”</ref> | ||
||gīt | || gīt<ref>“you who are my students or children”</ref> | ||
|align=left valign=top| second person plural, ‘you (all)’ | |align=left valign=top| second person plural, ‘you (all)’ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|colspan=3| yaum | |colspan=3| yaum<ref>“they who are my equals, kinsmen, or are unknown to me”</ref> | ||
|| yaunūh<ref>“They who are my | || yaunūh<ref>“They who are my teachers or parents”</ref> | ||
|| yaunīllah<ref>“They who are my | || yaunīllah<ref>“They who are my students or children”</ref> | ||
|align=left valign=top| third person plural animate, ‘they’ | |align=left valign=top| third person plural animate, ‘they’ | ||
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