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Adverbs are a vague category in English. In Brooding, they are more defined. There are no single adverb words in Brooding. Rather, adverbs are expressed entirely through adverbial phrases and clauses. These are used to modify the action of the verb, and usually appear at the end of the sentence. However, they can appear at the beginning to indicate importance or to reduce ambiguity. | Adverbs are a vague category in English. In Brooding, they are more defined. There are no single adverb words in Brooding. Rather, adverbs are expressed entirely through adverbial phrases and clauses. These are used to modify the action of the verb, and usually appear at the end of the sentence. However, they can appear at the beginning to indicate importance or to reduce ambiguity. | ||
Where in English we would add an ‘ly’, Brooding uses an adverbial phrase with the preposition ''otlai''. For example, ‘happily’ would be ''otlai taefuh'' (literally “as if happy”). | Where in English we would add an ‘ly’, Brooding uses an adverbial phrase with the preposition ''[[Contionary: otlai|otlai]] ''. For example, ‘happily’ would be ''[[Contionary: otlai|otlai]] [[Contionary: taefuh|taefuh]]'' (literally “as if happy”). | ||
Those times when an adverb would indicate time (“tomorrow,” “ a long time ago,” etc), the preposition ''tootlende'' is used. Example: ''tootlende hlaud'' (literally “during now”) | Those times when an adverb would indicate time (“tomorrow,” “ a long time ago,” etc), the preposition ''[[Contionary: tootlende|tootlende]]'' is used. Example: ''[[Contionary: tootlende|tootlende]] [[Contionary: hlaud|hlaud]]'' (literally “during now”) | ||
More complex adverbial clauses use an adverbial preposition followed by a sentence to make a dependent clause, for example “When I see it” is an adverbial clause. This would be ''tleste agen leed awtluht''. | More complex adverbial clauses use an adverbial preposition followed by a sentence to make a dependent clause, for example “When I see it” is an adverbial clause. This would be ''[[Contionary: tleste|tleste]] [[Contionary: agen|agen]] [[Contionary: leed|leed]] [[Contionary: awtluht|awtluht]]''. | ||
Note: The clause and the sentence it modifies still must adhere to the verb-second rule of Brooding. This means in the clause itself (if it contains a dependent clause) the adverbial preposition is the first constituent. Thus, the verb is next, not the subject. Additionally, if the adverbial phrase is first in the sentence, then it is the first | Note: The clause and the sentence it modifies still must adhere to the verb-second rule of Brooding. This means in the clause itself (if it contains a dependent clause) the adverbial preposition is the first constituent. Thus, the verb is next, not the subject. Additionally, if the adverbial phrase is first in the sentence, then it is the first constituent and the main verb is next. | ||
constituent and the main verb is next. | |||
Example: | Example: | ||
''leed agen awtluht otlai taefuh'' - “I see it happily.” | ''[[Contionary: leed|leed]] [[Contionary: agen|agen]] [[Contionary: awtluht|awtluht]] [[Contionary: otlai|otlai]] [[Contionary: taefuh|taefuh]]'' - “I see it happily.” | ||
''otlai taefuh agen leed awtluht'' - “Happily, I see it.” | ''[[Contionary: otlai|otlai]] [[Contionary: taefuh|taefuh]] [[Contionary: agen|agen]] [[Contionary: leed|leed]] [[Contionary: awtluht|awtluht]]'' - “Happily, I see it.” | ||
Here is a list of adverbial prepositions: | Here is a list of adverbial prepositions: | ||
'''time''' - ''tleste'' | '''time''' - ''[[Contionary: tleste|tleste]]'' | ||
* '''''tleste''' agen leed awtluht'' - “When I see it” | * '''''[[Contionary: tleste|tleste]]''' [[Contionary: agen|agen]] [[Contionary: leed|leed]] [[Contionary: awtluht|awtluht]]'' - “When I see it” | ||
'''location''' - ''tlande''<br /> | '''location''' - ''[[Contionary: tlande|tlande]]''<br /> | ||
* '''''tlande''' agen leed awtluht'' - “Where I see it” | * '''''[[Contionary: tlande|tlande]]''' [[Contionary: agen|agen]] [[Contionary: leed|leed]] [[Contionary: awtluht|awtluht]]'' - “Where I see it” | ||
'''manner''' - ''otlai''<br /> | '''manner''' - ''[[Contionary: otlai|otlai]]''<br /> | ||
* '''''otlai''' agen leed awtluht'' - “As if I see it/Like I see it” | * '''''[[Contionary: otlai|otlai]]''' [[Contionary: agen|agen]] [[Contionary: leed|leed]] [[Contionary: awtluht|awtluht]]'' - “As if I see it/Like I see it” | ||
'''purpose''' - ''tlauspuh''<br /> | '''purpose''' - ''[[Contionary: tlauspuh|tlauspuh]]''<br /> | ||
* '''''tlauspuh''' agen leed awtluht'' - “So that I see/in order that I see it” | * '''''[[Contionary: tlauspuh|tlauspuh]]''' [[Contionary: agen|agen]] [[Contionary: leed|leed]] [[Contionary: awtluht|awtluht]]'' - “So that I see/in order that I see it” | ||
'''reason''' - ''felde''<br /> | '''reason''' - ''[[Contionary: felde|felde]]''<br /> | ||
* '''''felde''' agen leed awtluht'' - “Because I see it” | * '''''[[Contionary: felde|felde]]''' [[Contionary: agen|agen]] [[Contionary: leed|leed]] [[Contionary: awtluht|awtluht]]'' - “Because I see it” | ||
'''simultaneous''' - ''tootlende''<br /> | '''simultaneous''' - ''[[Contionary: tootlende|tootlende]]''<br /> | ||
* '''''tootlende''' agen leed awtluht'' - “While I see it” | * '''''[[Contionary: tootlende|tootlende]]''' [[Contionary: agen|agen]] [[Contionary: leed|leed]] [[Contionary: awtluht|awtluht]]'' - “While I see it” | ||
'''conditional - positive''' - ''tlelma''<br /> | '''conditional - positive''' - ''[[Contionary: tlelma|tlelma]]''<br /> | ||
* '''''tlelma''' agen leed awtluht'' - “If I see it” | * '''''[[Contionary: tlelma|tlelma]]''' [[Contionary: agen|agen]] [[Contionary: leed|leed]] [[Contionary: awtluht|awtluht]]'' - “If I see it” | ||
'''conditional - negative''' - ''zretle''<br /> | '''conditional - negative''' - ''[[Contionary: zretle|zretle]]''<br /> | ||
* '''''zretle''' agen leed awtluht'' - “Unless I see it” | * '''''[[Contionary: zretle|zretle]]''' [[Contionary: agen|agen]] [[Contionary: leed|leed]] [[Contionary: awtluht|awtluht]]'' - “Unless I see it” | ||
'''concessive''' - ''yuhslo''<br /> | '''concessive''' - ''[[Contionary: yuhslo|yuhslo]]''<br /> | ||
* '''''yuhslo''' agen leed awtluht'' - “Although I see it” | * '''''[[Contionary: yuhslo|yuhslo]]''' [[Contionary: agen|agen]] [[Contionary: leed|leed]] [[Contionary: awtluht|awtluht]]'' - “Although I see it” | ||
'''substitutive''' - ''stooslaedi''<br /> | '''substitutive''' - ''[[Contionary: stooslaedi|stooslaedi]]''<br /> | ||
* '''''stooslaedi''' agen leed awtluht'' - “Instead of me seeing it” | * '''''[[Contionary: stooslaedi|stooslaedi]]''' [[Contionary: agen|agen]] [[Contionary: leed|leed]] [[Contionary: awtluht|awtluht]]'' - “Instead of me seeing it” | ||
'''additive''' - ''klodeste''<br /> | '''additive''' - ''[[Contionary: klodeste|klodeste]]''<br /> | ||
* '''''klodeste''' agen leed awtluht'' - “In addition to me seeing it” | * '''''[[Contionary: klodeste|klodeste]]''' [[Contionary: agen|agen]] [[Contionary: leed|leed]] [[Contionary: awtluht|awtluht]]'' - “In addition to me seeing it” | ||
== Conjunctions == | == Conjunctions == | ||