9,172
edits
Grayis: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
m
→Pronouns
Bpnjohnson (talk | contribs) m (→Numbers) |
Bpnjohnson (talk | contribs) m (→Pronouns) |
||
| Line 406: | Line 406: | ||
!width="100"| Equal !!width="100"| Family !!width="100"| Stranger !!width="100"| Teacher !!width="100"| Student !! | !width="100"| Equal !!width="100"| Family !!width="100"| Stranger !!width="100"| Teacher !!width="100"| Student !! | ||
|- | |- | ||
| chal<ref>“I who am your equal”</ref> | | [[Contionary: chal|chal]]<ref>“I who am your equal”</ref> | ||
||cham<ref>“I who am your kinsman”</ref> | || [[Contionary: cham|cham]]<ref>“I who am your kinsman”</ref> | ||
||chā<ref>“I who am a stranger to you”</ref><ref>Etymological reference to ''chātturrarri'' ‘second brother’; indicates friendship or friendliness.</ref> | || [[Contionary: chā|chā]]<ref>“I who am a stranger to you”</ref><ref>Etymological reference to ''[[Contionary: chātturrarri|chātturrarri]]'' ‘second brother’; indicates friendship or friendliness.</ref> | ||
||char<ref>“I who am your teacher or parent”</ref> | || [[Contionary: char|char]]<ref>“I who am your teacher or parent”</ref> | ||
||chāh<ref>“I who am your student or child”</ref><ref>Though similar in sound to ''chā'', this is an etymological reference to ''laichāh'', the yellow shadow from the red sun; indicates compliance.</ref> | || [[Contionary: chāh|chāh]]<ref>“I who am your student or child”</ref><ref>Though similar in sound to ''[[Contionary: chā|chā]]'', this is an etymological reference to ''[[Contionary: laichāh|laichāh]]'', the yellow shadow from the red sun; indicates compliance.</ref> | ||
|align=left valign=top| first person singular, ‘I’ | |align=left valign=top| first person singular, ‘I’ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|colspan=2|kit<ref>“you who are my equal or kinsman”</ref> | |colspan=2| [[Contionary: kit|kit]]<ref>“you who are my equal or kinsman”</ref> | ||
||kāl<ref>“you who are a stranger to me”</ref> | || [[Contionary: kāl|kāl]]<ref>“you who are a stranger to me”</ref> | ||
||kālli<ref>“you who are my teacher or parent”</ref> | || [[Contionary: kālli|kālli]]<ref>“you who are my teacher or parent”</ref> | ||
||chit<ref>“you who are my student or child”</ref><ref>Etymological reference to ''chitir'', the red shadow from the yellow sun, indicates truculence.</ref> | || [[Contionary: chit|chit]]<ref>“you who are my student or child”</ref><ref>Etymological reference to ''[[Contionary: chitir|chitir]]'', the red shadow from the yellow sun, indicates truculence.</ref> | ||
|align=left valign=top| second person singular ‘you’ | |align=left valign=top| second person singular ‘you’ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| yun<ref>“he or she who is my equal or unknown to me”</ref> | | [[Contionary: yun|yun]]<ref>“he or she who is my equal or unknown to me”</ref> | ||
|| yumi<ref>“he or she who is my kinsman”</ref> | || [[Contionary: yumi|yumi]]<ref>“he or she who is my kinsman”</ref> | ||
|| yun | || [[Contionary: yun|yun]] | ||
||yunum<ref>“he or she who is my teacher or parent”</ref> | || [[Contionary: yunum|yunum]]<ref>“he or she who is my teacher or parent”</ref> | ||
||yunīllah<ref>“he or she who is my student or child”</ref> | || [[Contionary: yunīllah|yunīllah]]<ref>“he or she who is my student or child”</ref> | ||
|align=left valign=top| third person singular animate ‘he / she’<ref>There is no gender distinction in the third person pronouns, though there is a distinction between animate (“he/she”) and inanimate (“it”).</ref> | |align=left valign=top| third person singular animate ‘he / she’<ref>There is no gender distinction in the third person pronouns, though there is a distinction between animate (“he/she”) and inanimate (“it”).</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|colspan=5| wih | |colspan=5| [[Contionary: wih|wih]] | ||
|align=left valign=top| third person singular inanimate ‘it’ | |align=left valign=top| third person singular inanimate ‘it’ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| kichal<ref>“you and I who are equals”</ref> | | [[Contionary: kichal|kichal]]<ref>“you and I who are equals”</ref> | ||
|| kicham<ref>“you and I who are kinsmen”</ref> | || [[Contionary: kicham|kicham]]<ref>“you and I who are kinsmen”</ref> | ||
|| -<ref>There is not a single pronoun to represent this idea; instead it is rendered simply as ''chā ha kāl'' ‘I and you’.</ref> | || -<ref>There is not a single pronoun to represent this idea; instead it is rendered simply as ''[[Contionary: chā|chā]] [[Contionary: ha#Grayis|ha]] [[Contionary: kāl|kāl]]'' ‘I and you’.</ref> | ||
||chakrālli<ref>“you who are my student or child and I who am your teacher or parent”</ref><ref>Metathesis of ''char''+''kālli'', because /rk/ is not a legal intrasyllabic sequence.</ref> | || [[Contionary: chakrālli|chakrālli]]<ref>“you who are my student or child and I who am your teacher or parent”</ref><ref>Metathesis of ''[[Contionary: char|char]]''+''[[Contionary: kālli|kālli]]'', because /rk/ is not a legal intrasyllabic sequence.</ref> | ||
||jachīt<ref>“you who are my teacher or parent and I who am your student or child”</ref> | || [[Contionary: jachīt|jachīt]]<ref>“you who are my teacher or parent and I who am your student or child”</ref> | ||
|align=left valign=top| first person dual inclusive ‘you and I, we’<ref>The first person dual inclusive pronoun (“you and I”) is optional; there is not a plural inclusive, and all other first person non-singular roles are assumed by the first person plural, whether inclusive or exclusive.</ref> | |align=left valign=top| first person dual inclusive ‘you and I, we’<ref>The first person dual inclusive pronoun (“you and I”) is optional; there is not a plural inclusive, and all other first person non-singular roles are assumed by the first person plural, whether inclusive or exclusive.</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| jāla<ref>“we who are your equals”</ref> | | [[Contionary: jāla|jāla]]<ref>“we who are your equals”</ref> | ||
|| jahla<ref>“we who are your kinsmen”</ref> | || [[Contionary: jahla|jahla]]<ref>“we who are your kinsmen”</ref> | ||
|| jal<ref>“we who are unknown to you”</ref> | || [[Contionary: jal|jal]]<ref>“we who are unknown to you”</ref> | ||
|| jālinum<ref>“we who are your teachers or parents”</ref> | || [[Contionary: jālinum|jālinum]]<ref>“we who are your teachers or parents”</ref> | ||
|| jahla<ref>“we who are your students or children”</ref> | || [[Contionary: jahla|jahla]]<ref>“we who are your students or children”</ref> | ||
|align=left valign=top| first person plural, ‘we’ | |align=left valign=top| first person plural, ‘we’ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| gīs<ref>“you who are my equals”</ref> | | [[Contionary: gīs|gīs]]<ref>“you who are my equals”</ref> | ||
|| gīt<ref>“you who are my kinsmen”</ref> | || [[Contionary: gīt|gīt]]<ref>“you who are my kinsmen”</ref> | ||
|| gillā<ref>“you who are unknown to me”</ref> | || [[Contionary: gillā|gillā]]<ref>“you who are unknown to me”</ref> | ||
|| gailinūh<ref>“you who are my teachers or parents”</ref> | || [[Contionary: gailinūh|gailinūh]]<ref>“you who are my teachers or parents”</ref> | ||
|| gīt<ref>“you who are my students or children”</ref> | || [[Contionary: gīt|gīt]]<ref>“you who are my students or children”</ref> | ||
|align=left valign=top| second person plural, ‘you (all)’ | |align=left valign=top| second person plural, ‘you (all)’ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|colspan=3| yaum<ref>“they who are my equals, kinsmen, or are unknown to me”</ref> | |colspan=3| [[Contionary: yaum|yaum]]<ref>“they who are my equals, kinsmen, or are unknown to me”</ref> | ||
|| yaunūh<ref>“They who are my teachers or parents”</ref> | || [[Contionary: yaunūh|yaunūh]]<ref>“They who are my teachers or parents”</ref> | ||
|| yaunīllah<ref>“They who are my students or children”</ref> | || [[Contionary: yaunīllah|yaunīllah]]<ref>“They who are my students or children”</ref> | ||
|align=left valign=top| third person plural animate, ‘they’ | |align=left valign=top| third person plural animate, ‘they’ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|colspan=5| waih | |colspan=5| [[Contionary: waih|waih]] | ||
|align=left valign=top| third person plural inanimate, ‘they, those things’<ref>As with the third person singular, there is an animacy distinction in the third person plural (both rendered as ‘they’ in English). No registers are used with inanimate pronouns.</ref> | |align=left valign=top| third person plural inanimate, ‘they, those things’<ref>As with the third person singular, there is an animacy distinction in the third person plural (both rendered as ‘they’ in English). No registers are used with inanimate pronouns.</ref> | ||
|} | |} | ||