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→Benefactive: this section has been constructed and ergo is no longer under construction
m (→Accusative: added some helpful information on the accusative.) |
m (→Benefactive: this section has been constructed and ergo is no longer under construction) |
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"I will dig the hole myself." | "I will dig the hole myself." | ||
=====Benefactive===== | =====Benefactive and Causative===== | ||
'' | |||
The benefactive and causative object particles perform similar functions, yet carry different connotations. Benefactives rely primarily on the reason for which something was done volitionally (i.e., on purpose), while causatives marked the reason something is done involitionally (i.e., not on purpose). These two particles are not exchangeable and they cannot both be present to compliment the same verb. | |||
'''murwi auzi ggaun liv.''' | |||
muru-i auzi '''ggaun''' liv. | |||
die -TEL 3S.NOM '''BEN''' 2S.ACC. | |||
"He died for you." / "He died for your benefit." | |||
'''murwi auzi diri liv.''' | |||
muru-i auzi '''diri''' liv. | |||
die -TEL 3S.NOM '''CAU''' 2S.ACC. | |||
"He died because of you." / "It was your fault he died." | |||
In the above sentences, the benefactive particle tells us that the subject "he" willingly died or sacrificed his life for the object "you". The causative particle suggests that the subject "he" was killed, rather by accident or by premeditated murder, because of the existence or actions of the object "you". | |||
The particle '''diri''' is the same word in the clause-initial construction '''diri va''', which translates as "because" or "the reason is". | |||
=====Causative===== | =====Causative===== | ||