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Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions
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* '''instrumental-trigger''' (''drausire tadgeroe'') (morphologically possible for all verbs, but not always meaningful). | * '''instrumental-trigger''' (''drausire tadgeroe'') (morphologically possible for all verbs, but not always meaningful). | ||
Interior verbs only have six voices, as they do not have an agentive voice; the patientive, unmarked voice, is here called '''common voice''' (''tailcārē tadgeroe'')<ref>For simplicity's sake, voices' names are most often rendered as ''patientive'', ''agentive'', ''benefactive'' ''antibenefactive'', ''locative'', ''dative'', ''instrumental'', and ''common''.</ref>. | Interior verbs only have six voices, as they do not have an agentive voice; the patientive, unmarked voice, is here called '''common voice''' (''tailcārē tadgeroe'')<ref>For simplicity's sake, voices' names are most often rendered as ''patientive'', ''agentive'', ''benefactive'' ''antibenefactive'', ''locative'', ''dative'', ''instrumental'', and ''common''.</ref>. | ||
Chlouvānem verbs encode six different types of '''evidentiality''' (''tarlāsmrāṇa''), actually a combination of evidentiality and epistemic modality: '''experiential''' (''šukilenūkire tarlāsmrāṇa'', unmarked), '''first inferential''' (''lahīla paratṛlūkire tarlāsmrāṇa'', trustworthy), '''second inferential''' (''hælinaika paratṛlūkire tarlāsmrāṇa'', doubted), '''assumptive''' (''demitṛlūkire tarlāsmrāna''), '''first reportative''' (''lahīla tatikilenūkire tarlāsmrāṇa'', trustworthy) and '''second reportative''' (''hælinaika tatikilenūkire tarlāsmrāṇa'', doubted). | |||
Chlouvānem verbs also conjugate for five different '''tense-aspect combinations''' (simply ''tenses'' (''avyāṣa'' - pl. ''avyāṣai'')): '''present''' (''kaminænikire avyāṣa''), '''past''' (''dāṃdenire avyāṣa''<ref>Sometimes ''ēktami avyāṣa''.</ref>), '''perfect''' (''mīraṃnajausire avyāṣa''), '''(general) future''' (''lallāmiti avyāṣa''), and '''future intentional''' (''osmešē lallāmiti avyāṣa''); other distinctions may be built periphrastically (most notably ''imperfect'', ''pluperfect'' and ''future perfect''). Tenses are the “basic unit” verbs conjugate in: all tenses conjugate for nine persons (1st-2nd-3rd in singular, dual and plural; note though that 3rd singular and 3rd plural are identical in the perfect). Note that some moods do only distinguish between imperfective and perfective aspect.<br/>Realis verbs are furthermore marked for evidentiality: categories marked are visual evidentiality<ref>This same marker, usually a zero marker, is also used for historically attested facts and scientific truths.</ref>, non-visual evidentiality, reportative, and two different inferentials, one marking trust in and the other unlikelyness of the fact.<br/>Politeness is also encoded in the verb, but this inflection is often considered to be a form of the separate, defective auxiliary verb ''tilah''. | Chlouvānem verbs also conjugate for five different '''tense-aspect combinations''' (simply ''tenses'' (''avyāṣa'' - pl. ''avyāṣai'')): '''present''' (''kaminænikire avyāṣa''), '''past''' (''dāṃdenire avyāṣa''<ref>Sometimes ''ēktami avyāṣa''.</ref>), '''perfect''' (''mīraṃnajausire avyāṣa''), '''(general) future''' (''lallāmiti avyāṣa''), and '''future intentional''' (''osmešē lallāmiti avyāṣa''); other distinctions may be built periphrastically (most notably ''imperfect'', ''pluperfect'' and ''future perfect''). Tenses are the “basic unit” verbs conjugate in: all tenses conjugate for nine persons (1st-2nd-3rd in singular, dual and plural; note though that 3rd singular and 3rd plural are identical in the perfect). Note that some moods do only distinguish between imperfective and perfective aspect.<br/>Realis verbs are furthermore marked for evidentiality: categories marked are visual evidentiality<ref>This same marker, usually a zero marker, is also used for historically attested facts and scientific truths.</ref>, non-visual evidentiality, reportative, and two different inferentials, one marking trust in and the other unlikelyness of the fact.<br/>Politeness is also encoded in the verb, but this inflection is often considered to be a form of the separate, defective auxiliary verb ''tilah''. | ||