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Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions
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Interior verbs only have six voices, as they do not have an agentive voice; the patientive, unmarked voice, is here called '''common voice''' (''tailcārē tadgeroe'')<ref>For simplicity's sake, voices' names are most often rendered as ''patientive'', ''agentive'', ''benefactive'' ''antibenefactive'', ''locative'', ''dative'', ''instrumental'', and ''common''.</ref>. | Interior verbs only have six voices, as they do not have an agentive voice; the patientive, unmarked voice, is here called '''common voice''' (''tailcārē tadgeroe'')<ref>For simplicity's sake, voices' names are most often rendered as ''patientive'', ''agentive'', ''benefactive'' ''antibenefactive'', ''locative'', ''dative'', ''instrumental'', and ''common''.</ref>. | ||
Chlouvānem (realis) verbs encode six different types of '''evidentiality''' (''tarlāsmrāṇa''), actually a combination of evidentiality and epistemic modality: '''experiential''' (''šukilenūkire tarlāsmrāṇa'', unmarked<ref>This same marker (-∅- or -a-), is also used for historically attested facts and scientific truths.</ref>), '''first inferential''' (''lahīla paratṛlūkire tarlāsmrāṇa'', trustworthy), '''second inferential''' (''hælinaika paratṛlūkire tarlāsmrāṇa'', doubted), '''assumptive''' (''demitṛlūkire | Chlouvānem (realis) verbs encode six different types of '''evidentiality''' (''tarlāsmrāṇa''), actually a combination of evidentiality and epistemic modality: '''experiential''' (''šukilenūkire tarlāsmrāṇa'', unmarked<ref>This same marker (-∅- or -a-), is also used for historically attested facts and scientific truths.</ref>), '''first inferential''' (''lahīla paratṛlūkire tarlāsmrāṇa'', trustworthy), '''second inferential''' (''hælinaika paratṛlūkire tarlāsmrāṇa'', doubted), '''assumptive''' (''demitṛlūkire tarlāsmrāṇa''), '''first reportative''' (''lahīla tatikilenūkire tarlāsmrāṇa'', trustworthy) and '''second reportative''' (''hælinaika tatikilenūkire tarlāsmrāṇa'', doubted). | ||
Chlouvānem verbs also conjugate for five different '''tense-aspect combinations''' (simply ''tenses'' (''avyāṣa'' - pl. ''avyāṣai'')): '''present''' (''kaminænikire avyāṣa''), '''past''' (''dāṃdenire avyāṣa''<ref>Sometimes ''ēktami avyāṣa''.</ref>), '''perfect''' (''mīraṃnajausire avyāṣa''), '''(general) future''' (''lallāmiti avyāṣa''), and '''future intentional''' (''osmešē lallāmiti avyāṣa''); other distinctions may be built periphrastically (most notably ''imperfect'', ''pluperfect'' and ''future perfect''). Tenses are the “basic unit” verbs conjugate in: all tenses conjugate for nine persons (1st-2nd-3rd in singular, dual and plural; note though that 3rd singular and 3rd plural are identical in the perfect). Note that some moods do only distinguish between imperfective and perfective aspect. | Chlouvānem verbs also conjugate for five different '''tense-aspect combinations''' (simply ''tenses'' (''avyāṣa'' - pl. ''avyāṣai'')): '''present''' (''kaminænikire avyāṣa''), '''past''' (''dāṃdenire avyāṣa''<ref>Sometimes ''ēktami avyāṣa''.</ref>), '''perfect''' (''mīraṃnajausire avyāṣa''), '''(general) future''' (''lallāmiti avyāṣa''), and '''future intentional''' (''osmešē lallāmiti avyāṣa''); other distinctions may be built periphrastically (most notably ''imperfect'', ''pluperfect'' and ''future perfect''). Tenses are the “basic unit” verbs conjugate in: all tenses conjugate for nine persons (1st-2nd-3rd in singular, dual and plural; note though that 3rd singular and 3rd plural are identical in the perfect). Note that some moods do only distinguish between imperfective and perfective aspect. | ||