Chlouvānem/Phonology: Difference between revisions

: ''buneya'' "female's older sister" /bunejä/ – Std., Hiy., Cam. [bunejä], Līl. [bunejɐ]

: ''bhešā'' "drop [of water or other liquids]" /bʱeɕäː/ – Std., Hiy., Cam. [bʱeɕäː], Līl. [bʱeɕɑː]

: ''dehām'' "mouth" /deɦäːm/ – Std., Līl., Hiy., Cam. [deɦãːm]

: ''dhāna'' "hand" /dʱäːnä/ – Std., Hiy., Cam. [dʱäːnä], Līl. [dʱäːnɐ]

: ''ḍuya'' "okra" /ɖujä/ — Std., Hiy., Cam. [ɖujä], Līl. [ɖujɐ]

: ''ḍhoe'' "remembrance; <small>''(computers:)''</small> file" /ɖʱɔə̯/ – Std. [ɖʱɔə̯~ɖʱɔɒ̯], Līl. [ɖʱœː], Lṭh. [ɖʱoɪ̯], Līt. [ɖʱɔɒ̯~ɔɪ̯], Cam. [ɖʱɔɪ̯]

: ''junyā'' "flower" /ɟ͡ʑunjäː/ – Std., Hiy. [ɟ͡ʑunjäː], Līl. [ɟ͡ʑunjɑː], Cam. [ɟ͡ʑunjæː]

: ''jhūṃras'' "glue" /ɟ͡ʑʱuːɴʀäs/ – Std., Hiy., Cam. [ɟ͡ʑʱũːɴʀäs], Līl. [ɟ͡ʑʱũːɴʀɐs]

: ''geta'' "elephant" /ɡetä/ – Std., Hiy., Cam. [ɡetä], Līl. [ɡetɐ]

: ''ghāṇa'' "garland" /ɡʱäːɳä/ — Std., Hiy., Cam. [ɡʱäːɳä], Līl. [ɡʱäːɳɐ]

Fricatives have little allophony (voicing of intervocalic sibilants is not a native Chlouvānem trait, even though it is sometimes found among L2 speakers), but more regional variation. Notably, in the Nīmbaṇḍhāra delta, in neighboring Līlta, as well as in parts of the Northwest, /ʂ ɕ/ merge into a single phoneme, usually realized as [ʃ].

: ''sartām'' "building" /säʀtäːm/ – Std., Hiy., Cam. [säɐ̯täːm], Līl., Līt. [sɐˤtäːm]

: ''ṣubha'' "few, little" /ʂubʱä/ — Std., Cam. [ʂubʱä], Līl. [ʂubʱɐ], Līt. [ʃubʱɐ], Hiy. [ʃʉbʱä]

: ''šumilkoe'' "theory" /ɕuminkɔə̯~ɕumiɴkɔə̯~ɕumiɴ̆kɔə̯/ – Std. [ɕumiŋkɔə̯~ɔɒ̯], Līl. [ɕumiɴqœː], Cam. [ɕumiŋkɔɪ̯], Līt. [ʃumiɴqɔɒ̯~ɔɪ̯], Hiy. [ʃʉmiŋkɔɒ̯]

The two laryngeal fricatives /ħ ɦ/ vary little, but they may be considered to merge word-finally where /ɦ/ (the only one analyzed there) is pronounced as [ħ] in most pronunciations. Notably, though, the whole Far East and Northeast uses [h], while the inland Jade Coast from Ilēnimarta up until the coast to Līṭhalyinām uses [χ]. /ħ/ (< Proto-Lahob *pʰ) corresponded to /ɸ/ in many pre-Classical era dialects and is reflected as /ɸ/ or /f/ in many vernaculars (including Līlasuṃghāṇi and Ilēnimarti), as they derived from those dialects; however, local pronunciations of Chlouvānem use [ħ] anyway.

: ''hįnna'' "wheel" /ɦi̤nnä/ – Std., Hiy. [ɦi̤nnä], Līl. [ɦi̤nnɐ], Cam. [ɦihnä~hiçnä]

: ''ħulde'' "to play" /ħuɴ̆de/ – Std., Līl., Hiy., Cam. [ħuɴ̆de]

:: cf. the attestation of this word (from Proto-Lahob *pʰɨʕəd-ke) in the pre-Classical Lūlunīkami dialect, ''fülde'' /ɸyɴ̆de/<ref>The /y/ phoneme in the Lūlunīkami dialect is the result of a different development of Proto-Lahob *ɨ, unrelated to this example (see the section on rounded vowels above for more).</ref>.

: ''ñæltah'' "(male's) sister" /ɲɛɴ̆täɦ/ – Std., Mam. [ɲɛɴ̆täħ], Līl. [ɲɛɴ̆tɐχ], Cam. [ɲɛɴ̆täh]

/ɦ/ following one of /ɴ̆ ʀ/ may be realized as [ɦ], [x], or aspiration depending on the area. The /ʀɦ/ cluster is realized as [ʀɦ] nearly everywhere and as [ʀx] only in parts of the Southern Far East (mainly along the coast from Līlikanāna to Ehaliħombu); [ʀʱ] is found almost exclusively around Līṭhalyinām. For the /ɴ̆ɦ/ cluster, however, the aspirated realization [ɴ̆ʱ] is much more common, extending all along the coast south to Lūlunimarta and north to Līlta, and inland to Lūkṣṇyaḍāra, therefore including virtually all of the Jade Coast. A realization closer to [ɴ̆x~ɴ̆χ] is however the norm in most of the Chlouvānem-speaking world.

: ''lhakṣam'' (a fruit quite similar to a pineapple, but smaller and sweeter) /ɴ̆ɦäkʂäm/ – Std. [ɴ̆ɦäkʂäm~ɴ̆χäkṣäm], Mam., Cam. [ɴ̆χäkʂäm], Līl. [ɴ̆ʱɐkʂɐm] Līt. [ɴ̆ʱɐkʃɐm]

: ''dāyārhaikra'' "palm vinegar" /däːjäːʀɦaɪ̯kʀä/ – Std. [däːjäːʀɦaɪ̯kʀä], Līl. [däːjäːʀɦæɪ̯kʁɐ], Cam. [dæːjæːʀɦæɪ̯kʀä], Lkn. [däːjäːʀxæɪ̯kʀä], Lṭh. [däːjäːʀʱaɪ̯kʁɐ]