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Chlouvānem/Positional and motion verbs: Difference between revisions
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Chlouvānem/Positional and motion verbs (view source)
Revision as of 14:35, 29 November 2018
, 29 November 2018→Case usage
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| gloss = Jāryakūrana.<small>DIR</small>. Līlasuṃghāṇa-<small>EXESS</small>. 60<sub>12</sub>-<small>ESS</small>. vyaṣojrā-<small>ESS.SG</small>. stand_far_from.<small>IND.PRES-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. | | gloss = Jāryakūrana.<small>DIR</small>. Līlasuṃghāṇa-<small>EXESS</small>. 60<sub>12</sub>-<small>ESS</small>. vyaṣojrā-<small>ESS.SG</small>. stand_far_from.<small>IND.PRES-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. | ||
| translation = Jāryakūraṇa is 72 vyaṣojrai (~80 km) away from Līlasuṃghāṇa. | | translation = Jāryakūraṇa is 72 vyaṣojrai (~80 km) away from Līlasuṃghāṇa. | ||
}} | }} | ||
=====Essive arguments===== | |||
Essive case arguments may be used to state what kind of thing the trigger is. Practically, this is an alternate way of expressing otherwise copular sentences such as "X is a(n) Y in Z". Compare the following examples: | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = lāltaṣveya aṣasārjaiṭe marta vi. | |||
| gloss = Lāltaṣveya.<small>DIR</small>. Aṣasārjaiṭa-<small>LOC</small>. city.<small>DIR.SG</small>. be.<small>IND.PRES.EXP.3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. | |||
| translation = Lāltaṣveya is a city in Aṣasārjaiṭa. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = lāltaṣveya aṣasārjaiṭe tatimē marta vi. | |||
| gloss = Lāltaṣveya.<small>DIR</small>. Aṣasārjaiṭa-<small>LOC</small>. be_located.<small>IND.PRES-EXP-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. city.<small>DIR.SG</small>. be.<small>IND.PRES.EXP.3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. | |||
| translation = Lāltaṣveya is a city, located in Aṣasārjaiṭa. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = lāltaṣveya martęs aṣasārjaiṭe tatimē. | |||
| gloss = Lāltaṣveya.<small>DIR</small>. city-<small>ESS.SG</small>. Aṣasārjaiṭa-<small>LOC</small>. be_located.<small>IND.PRES-EXP-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. | |||
| translation = Lāltaṣveya is a city located in Aṣasārjaiṭa. | |||
}} | |||
Such constructions are more useful when verbal prefixes are needed, as the bare copular sentence (as in the first one) is not possible. The second following example is, in fact, the most common employed strategy: | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = nunaihauba līlasuṃghāṇat emibe ga dore ūtimē marta vi. | |||
| gloss = Nunaihauba.<small>DIR</small>. Līlasuṃghāṇa-<small>EXESS</small>. one.<small>DIR</small>. <small>ADP</small>. road-<small>LOC.SG</small>. stand_near_to.<small>IND.PRES-EXP-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. city.<small>DIR.SG</small>. be.<small>IND.PRES.EXP.3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. | |||
| translation = Nunaihauba is a city close to Līlasuṃghāṇa on Road 1<ref>Road 1 here implies Nanašīrami Road 1, an important diocesan-level road in Nanašīrama.</ref>. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = nunaihauba martęs līlasuṃghāṇat emibe ga dore ūtimē. | |||
| gloss = Nunaihauba.<small>DIR</small>. city-<small>ESS.SG</small>. Līlasuṃghāṇa-<small>EXESS</small>. one.<small>DIR</small>. <small>ADP</small>. road-<small>LOC.SG</small>. stand_near_to.<small>IND.PRES-EXP-3SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. | |||
| translation = Nunaihauba is a city close to Līlasuṃghāṇa on Road 1. | |||
}} | |||
=====Positional prefixes as derivational affixes===== | =====Positional prefixes as derivational affixes===== | ||