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===Subordination=== | ===Subordination=== | ||
====Relative Clauses==== | |||
Relative clauses are formed in much the same way as focussed sentences, with the particles ''a''<small><sup>L</sup></small> or ''e(dh)''. | |||
Where the antecedent to the relative clause is the '''subject''' of the sentence, the word order is [antecedent] + ''a''<small><sup>L</sup></small> + [3sg verb] + [rest of sentence]. The clause that follows the relative particle is in the normal word order and must begin with a 3sg verb. | |||
* ''Hunn iw er din a warot er ci'' <br /> "This is the man who saved the dog" | |||
* ''Mi adoynav rewoun a lavur Goodhelek'' <br /> "I know someone who speaks Irish" | |||
If the antecedent is the '''object''' of the verb, the word order is [antecedent] + ''a''<small><sup>L</sup></small> + [personal verb] + [rest of sentence]. Here the verb expresses or agrees with the subject. | |||
* ''Honn iw er wrek a dhewedhies'' <br /> "This is the woman (whom) I married" | |||
* ''Yoan iw er ci a warot er din'' <br /> "The dog that the man saved is fine" | |||
As with focussed sentences, there may be some ambiguity where both the object and subject are nouns or 3rd person pronouns. The last example might also be interpreted as "The dog that saved the man is fine". This ambiguity can be resolved by using an infixed object pronoun agreeing with a preceding object: | |||
*''Yoan iw er ci ay gwarot er din'' <br /> "The dog that the man saved is fine" | |||
Where the antecedent is an indirect object, governed by a preposition, Cumbraek uses a normal object relative sentence then uses a personal preposition to refer back to the antecedent. The word order is therefore [antecedent] + ''a''<small><sup>L</sup></small> + [personal verb] + [rest of sentence] + [personal pronoun]. | |||
* ''Hunn iw er ti a duvun indho'' <br /> "This is the house in which I grew up" (lit. "This is the house which I grew up in it") | |||
* ''Hi gwelas er wrek a rodhas-hi er get dudhy'' <br /> "She saw the woman to whom she gave the present" (lit. "She saw the woman who she gave the present to her") | |||
Again there is potential for ambiguity in the last example. The most basic sentence ''Hi gwelas er wrek a rodhas er get dudhy'' could mean either "She saw the woman who gave the present to her" or "She saw the woman to whom she gave the present". The use of auxiliary ''-hi'' is the only means to signal that the "she" is the subject of the relative clause. | |||
==Derivation== | ==Derivation== | ||