Celabrian: Difference between revisions

| Simple action in past. || Simple action in frame of reference. || ''<!--b-->P<!--/b-->-1'' || rowspan="2" | The aorist is considered the default tense. It expresses a simple action without reference to timeframe or completion.

| colspan="2" | Simple action in frame of reference. || ''P''-<!--b-->aš<!--/b-->-''1''

| An action in the past that has present relevance. || An action before frame of reference that is still relevant. || ṭ<u>a</u>-''<!--b-->P<!--/b-->-1'' || rowspan="2" | The perfect prefix ''ṭ<u>a</u>-'' can be added to other tenses to convert them into perfects.

| colspan="2" | An action before frame of reference that is still relevant. || ṭ<u>a</u>-''P''-<!--b-->aš<!--/b-->-''1''

| rowspan="2" colspan="2" | A habitual/repeated action in frame of reference. || ''P''-(<u>ə</u>)m-''<!--b-->2<!--/b-->'' || rowspan="2" |

| ''P''-(<u>ə</u>)m-<!--b-->aš<!--/b-->-''1''

| rowspan="2" colspan="2" | An ongoing action in frame of reference. || ''<!--b-->I<!--/b-->-1'' || rowspan="2" |

| rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Expresses general truths. || ''I''-(<u>ə</u>)m-''<!--b-->2<!--/b-->'' || rowspan="2" |

| ''I''-(<u>ə</u>)m-<!--b-->aš<!--/b-->-''1''

| An action in the past. || An action that took place before frame of reference. || p<u>a</u>-''<!--b-->P<!--/b-->-1'' || rowspan="2" | The past prefix ''p<u>a</u>-'' can be added to other tenses to place them in a past frame of reference.

| colspan="2" | An action that took place before frame of reference. || p<u>a</u>-''P''-<!--b-->aš<!--/b-->-''1''

| An action in the future. || An action that will take place after frame of reference. || ho-''<!--b-->P<!--/b-->-1'' || rowspan="2" | The future prefix ''ho-'' can be added to other tenses to place them in a future frame of reference.

| colspan="2" | An action that will take place after frame of reference. || ho-''P''-<!--b-->aš<!--/b-->-''1''

| Forms a command or request, or expresses an obligation. || Expresses an obligation in the frame of reference. || ''<!--b-->O<!--/b-->-1''

| Expresses a wish, or encourages an action. || Expresses a wish in the frame of reference. || ''O''-<!--'''-->aš<!--'''-->-''1'' || Can be translated as "should/must" when the subject has control over the action, and "may" when the subject does not. Can also be used as a more gentle alternative to the jussive or imperative.

| colspan="2" | Expresses a hypothetical event/state that is dependent on some condition. || ṭ<u>a</u>-''<!--b-->O<!--/b-->-1'' || Can be translated as "would (have)".

| colspan="2" | Expresses a hypothetical event/state that is presupposed to be true. || ṭa-''O-1''-<!--'''-->aš<!--'''-->-''1'' || The presumptive is often paired with the conditional.

^{<small>1</small>} ''P'' = perfective stem; ''I'' = imperfective stem; ''O'' = oblique stem; ''1'' = primary personal endings; ''2'' = secondary personal endings; (<u>ə</u>) = added when needed for pronunciation. Stress is always on last syllable before personal ending.