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Eighth edition lekma: Difference between revisions
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===A short introduction=== | ===A short introduction=== | ||
Through making a miniature language, I learnt a lot about the capabilities of languages. To know more is the reason for | Through making a miniature language, I learnt a lot about the capabilities of languages. To know more is the reason for lekma/ˈleχmɐ/, which is under development. | ||
A sentence in lekma consists of, an interjection/connection + agent × object × verb ÷ adverbial phrase + a subject/topic × a particle(, is it? thing). | A sentence in lekma consists of, an interjection/connection + agent × object × verb ÷ adverbial phrase + a subject/topic × a particle(, is it? thing). | ||
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{{trans-bottom}} | {{trans-bottom}} | ||
==Morphemes== | |||
{{trans-top|applied inter parts of speech}} | |||
* s- | |||
* n- | |||
* a- | |||
* -a | |||
* -e | |||
* -s | |||
* -as | |||
* -es | |||
* -n | |||
* -en | |||
* -ens | |||
{{trans-mid|}} | |||
* -r | |||
* -t | |||
* -d | |||
* -er | |||
* -et | |||
* -ad | |||
* -nd | |||
* -nt | |||
* -ndas | |||
* -ntes | |||
{{trans-bottom}} | |||
===Declension=== | ===Declension=== | ||
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| seat/seɦät/ | | seat/seɦät/ | ||
| sád/säːt/ | | sád/säːt/ | ||
| | | selínda/selindɐ/ | ||
| selínt/selint/ | | selínt/selint/ | ||
| be | | be | ||
| Line 278: | Line 305: | ||
| baat/bäɦät/ | | baat/bäɦät/ | ||
| bád/bäːt/ | | bád/bäːt/ | ||
| | | balínda/bälindɐ/[bäˈindɐ] | ||
| balínt/bälint/[bäˈint] | | balínt/bälint/[bäˈint] | ||
| have | | have | ||
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| teat/teɦät/ | | teat/teɦät/ | ||
| tád/täːt/ | | tád/täːt/ | ||
| | | telínda/telindɐ/[teˈindɐ] | ||
| telínt/telint/[teˈint] | | telínt/telint/[teˈint] | ||
| hang,raise | | hang,raise | ||
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==== Swadesh List ==== | ==== Swadesh List ==== | ||
{{trans-top|Lexicon *development}} | {{trans-top|Lexicon /old lexic entries *development}} | ||
* I: kkac | * I: kkac /nac | ||
* you (singular): kküe | * you (singular): kküe /nie | ||
* he: hhonn | * he: hhonn /han | ||
* we: kkácen | * we: kkácen /nacen | ||
* you (plural): kküeen | * you (plural): kküeen /nien | ||
* they: hhian | * they: hhian /hia | ||
* this : torce, | * this : torce /toc,iá,due | ||
* that: kkáe | * that: kkáe /hae | ||
* here: tocma | * here: tocma /tcm | ||
* there: àema | * there: àema /aem | ||
* who: hhia/ | * who: hhia,lhia /lia | ||
* what: kva | * what: kva /kvd | ||
* where: kvime | * where: kvime /kvm | ||
* when: kvatzuí | * when: kvatzuí /kvn | ||
* how: kvamuí | * how: kvamuí /kvi | ||
* not: né | * not: né /nei | ||
* all: àen | * all: àen /aen | ||
* many: àens | * many: àens /aens | ||
* some: de àen | * some: de àen /desaen | ||
* few: làes | * few: làes /leas | ||
* other: né daes | * other: né daes /neidae | ||
* one: éna,ená,ésa,esá | * one: éna,ená,ésa,esá /esh | ||
* two: tzue | * two: tzue /dva | ||
* three: mal | * three: mal /mal | ||
* four: cut | * four: cut /cut | ||
* five: unal | * five: unal /hal | ||
* big: lhens | * big: lhens /ae | ||
* long: naelhens | * long: naelhens /ae | ||
* wide: daesbala | * wide: daesbala /ae | ||
* thick: bala | * thick: bala /ae | ||
* heavy: né fie | * heavy: né fie /neifias | ||
* small: tis | * small: ae /tis | ||
* short: kul | * short: kul /ae | ||
* narrow: tis | * narrow: tis /tisma | ||
* thin: kadtis | * thin: kadtis /ae | ||
* woman: lhúa | * woman: lhúa /lua | ||
* man (adult male): lhúa | * man (adult male): lhúa /lua | ||
* man (human being): hhan/lhúo | * man (human being): hhan/lhúo /luo | ||
* child: | * child: ae /tisluo | ||
* wife: mama dae | * wife: ae /mama dae kús | ||
* husband: tata dae | * husband: ae /tata dae kús | ||
* mother: máma | * mother: máma /mam | ||
* father: táta | * father: táta /tat | ||
* animal: this | * animal: this /ae | ||
* fish: | * fish: ae /fsk | ||
* bird: tofie | * bird: tofie /tfl | ||
* dog: cúon | * dog: cúon /chn | ||
* louse: | * louse: ae /lus | ||
* snake: | * snake: ae /lam | ||
* worm: hhom | * worm: hhom /orm | ||
* tree: | * tree: ae /bim | ||
* forest: | * forest: ae /bsk | ||
* stick: baunel | * stick: baunel /ae | ||
* fruit: fam | * fruit: fam /flm | ||
* seed: fam | * seed: fam /ae | ||
* leaf: hhüo | * leaf: hhüo /lif | ||
* root: lád | * root: lád /lad | ||
* bark (of a tree): bolo | * bark (of a tree): bolo /ae | ||
* flower: | * flower: ae /lili | ||
* grass: ladlili | * grass: ladlili /ae | ||
* rope: sinn | * rope: sinn /ae | ||
* skin: bäl | * skin: bäl /ae | ||
* meat: salk | * meat: salk /slk | ||
* blood: salk | * blood: salk /ae | ||
* bone: lám | * bone: lám /ae | ||
* fat (noun): bét | * fat (noun): bét /fat | ||
* egg: ais | * egg: ais /ae | ||
* horn: kol | * horn: kol /krn | ||
* tail: lámen | * tail: lámen /lam | ||
* feather: fie | * feather: fie /fli | ||
* hair: tetr | * hair: tetr /khr | ||
* head: | * head: ae /cab | ||
* ear: olhen | * ear: olhen /orh | ||
* eye: ain | * eye: ain /oin | ||
* nose: nes | * nose: nes /nez | ||
* mouth: lif | * mouth: ae /lif | ||
* tooth: tzann | * tooth: tzann /fnc | ||
* tongue (organ): tzann | * tongue (organ): tzann /ae | ||
* fingernail: tzann | * fingernail: tzann /nel | ||
* foot: | * foot: ae /bam | ||
* leg: | * leg: ae /bam | ||
* knee: baim | * knee: baim /ae | ||
* hand: tec | * hand: tec /tek | ||
* wing: fiem | * wing: fiem /fli | ||
* belly: mac | * belly: mac /ae | ||
* guts: mac | * guts: mac /ae | ||
* neck: nec | * neck: nec /ae | ||
* back: tzüc | * back: tzüc /ruc | ||
* breast: bec | * breast: bec /fec | ||
* heart: kel | * heart: kel /kor | ||
* liver: kel | * liver: kel /ae | ||
* to drink: sifel | * to drink: sifel /drk | ||
* to eat: nem | * to eat: nem /nhm | ||
* to bite: tzaunel | * to bite: tzaunel /tnf | ||
* to suck: sifel | * to suck: sifel /ae | ||
* to spit: nemel | * to spit: nemel /ae | ||
* to vomit: tue dae nems | * to vomit: tue dae nems /ae | ||
* to blow: bolel | * to blow: bolel /ae | ||
* to breathe: nesel | * to breathe: nesel /ae | ||
* to laugh: hrak | * to laugh: hrak /rch | ||
* to see: vis | * to see: vis /ver | ||
* to hear: sanhel | * to hear: sanhel /oir | ||
* to know: can | * to know: can /cna | ||
* to think: canel | * to think: canel /dik | ||
{{trans-mid}} | {{trans-mid}} | ||
* to smell: nesel | * to smell: nesel /ae | ||
* to fear: bai | * to fear: bai /ae | ||
* to sleep: bei | * to sleep: bei /slf | ||
* to live: súmel | * to live: súmel /ae | ||
* to die: né súmel | * to die: né súmel /ae | ||
* to kill: sral | * to kill: sral /ae | ||
* to fight: sral | * to fight: sral /ae | ||
* to hunt: sral | * to hunt: sral /ae | ||
* to hit: láb | * to hit: láb /lfn | ||
* to cut: kul | * to cut: kul /ae | ||
* to split: tuinde kut | * to split: tuinde kut,tua tzues /dvar | ||
* to stab: binn | * to stab: binn /ae | ||
* to scratch: skilel | * to scratch: skilel /ae | ||
* to dig: binn | * to dig: binn /nem | ||
* to swim: | * to swim: ae /svm | ||
* to fly: fei | * to fly: ae /fei | ||
* to walk: salkel | * to walk: salkel /ae | ||
* to come: hhim | * to come: hhim /clm | ||
* to lie (as in a bed): lob | * to lie (as in a bed): lob /ae | ||
* to sit: sidel | * to sit: sidel /set | ||
* to stand: hrec | * to stand: hrec /tnd | ||
* to turn (intransitive): silkel | * to turn (intransitive): silkel /ae | ||
* to fall: feiel | * to fall: feiel /fei | ||
* to give: tue | * to give: túe /tue | ||
* to hold: hrantel | * to hold: hrantel /ae | ||
* to squeeze: tzecal | * to squeeze: tzecal /ae | ||
* to rub: vask | * to rub: vask /ae | ||
* to wash: vask | * to wash: vask /ae | ||
* to wipe: vaskel | * to wipe: vaskel /vsk | ||
* to pull: tec | * to pull: tec /ae | ||
* to push: tec/ | * to push: tec,ffon /ae | ||
* to throw: tue toc náe | * to throw: tue toc náe /ae | ||
* to tie: ticel | * to tie: ticel /bnd | ||
* to sew: ffinticel | * to sew: ffinticel /ae | ||
* to count: teltzif | * to count: teltzif /ae | ||
* to say: srua | * to say: srua /seu | ||
* to sing: séunel | * to sing: séunel /seu | ||
* to play: | * to play: bil /sfl | ||
* to float: lom | * to float: lom /flt | ||
* to flow: | * to flow: ae /flt | ||
* to freeze: íelel | * to freeze: íelel /iel | ||
* to swell: rcol | * to swell: rcol /ae | ||
* sun: hrá | * sun: hrá /na | ||
* moon: daehrá | * moon: daehrá /mun | ||
* star: lucz | * star: lucz /trl | ||
* water: súm | * water: súm /sumi | ||
* rain: lein | * rain: lein /rcn | ||
* river: léne | * river: léne /len | ||
* lake: léne | * lake: léne /len | ||
* sea: léneen | * sea: léneen /len | ||
* salt: sala | * salt: sala /slt | ||
* stone: shè | * stone: shè /stn | ||
* sand: sahr | * sand: sahr /snd | ||
* dust: hroma | * dust: hroma /ae | ||
* earth: thi | * earth: thi /ard | ||
* cloud: küt | * cloud: küt /sku | ||
* fog: küt | * fog: küt /foc | ||
* sky: séo | * sky: séo /cel | ||
* wind: fendas | * wind: fendas /vnd | ||
* snow: nívas | * snow: nívas /snu | ||
* ice: íelen | * ice: íelen /ais | ||
* smoke: féu | * smoke: féu /feu | ||
* fire: féu | * fire: féu /feu | ||
* ash: dae féu | * ash: dae féu /ae | ||
* to burn: tocféu tue | * to burn: tocféu tue /ae | ||
* road: vei | * road: vei /vec | ||
* mountain: mon | * mountain: ae /mon | ||
* red: hrot | * red: hrot /rod | ||
* green: léu | * green: léu /crn | ||
* yellow: col | * yellow: col /clb | ||
* white: hrát | * white: hrát /vit | ||
* black: dal | * black: dal /blc | ||
* night: dal | * night: dal /nkt | ||
* day: dis | * day: dis /dac | ||
* year: iálen | * year: iálen /iar | ||
* warm: nôk | * warm: nôk /vrm | ||
* cold: íels | * cold: íels /chl | ||
* full: buk | * full: buk /ful | ||
* new: bil | * new: bil /na | ||
* old: né bil | * old: né bil /ae | ||
* good: hhim | * good: hhim /bim | ||
* bad: né hhim | * bad: né hhim /ae | ||
* rotten: tocel nae | * rotten: tocel nae /na | ||
* dirty: mud | * dirty: mud /ae | ||
* straight: | * straight: bim /na | ||
* round: kadbal | * round: kadbal /na | ||
* sharp (as a knife): dis | * sharp (as a knife): dis /na | ||
* dull (as a knife): dos | * dull (as a knife): dos /na | ||
* smooth: dilel | * smooth: dilel /na | ||
* wet: súmmuí | * wet: súmmuí /vods | ||
* dry: sekal | * dry: sekal /sek | ||
* correct: | * correct: bim /ae | ||
* near: tocmas | * near: tocmas /na | ||
* far: naemas | * far: naemas /na | ||
* right: hris | * right: hris /rec | ||
* left: chol | * left: chol /lic | ||
* at: tzúi | * at: tzúi /zui,tui | ||
* in: lhea | * in: lhea /ins | ||
* with: múi/ | * with: múi,mue /mui | ||
* and: e,elk | * and: e,elk /elk | ||
* if: o,sôm | * if: o,sôm /som | ||
* because: fúi | * because: fúi /kar | ||
* name: námel | * name: námel /nam | ||
{{trans-bottom}} | {{trans-bottom}} | ||