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''' | |||
{{Infobox language | |||
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]] | |||
|name = {{PAGENAME}} | |||
|setting = [[Verse:Lõis|Lõis]] | |||
|nativename = ἑλεασικ ʰγλῶττ | |||
|pronunciation = /hlizì glɑ̂t/ | |||
|region = India | |||
|states = | |||
|speakers = 90 million | |||
|date = 2015 | |||
|familycolor=Indo-European | |||
|fam1=Indo-European | |||
|fam2=Hellenic | |||
|fam3=Ancient Greek | |||
|script= | |||
}} | |||
'''Heleasic''' (natively: ἡ ἑλεασικ ʰγλῶττ ''ha hlizì gglât'' /hə hlizì glɑ̂t/) is a tonal descendant of Ancient Greek spoken in Lõis's East India, inspired by Khmer, Hebrew and English. It has final stress and 3 tones. The name of the language comes from [[Verse:Lõis/Heleasia|Heleasia]] (Ὲλεασία ''Hiljazía'' /hlizíə/ < PIE *séles-wn-tih₂, ~ Sanskrit ''Sarasvatī''), a mystical river found in L-Ancient Greek legends. | |||
Numbers: hɛ́n, tʰŷ, trê, tɪsə́ɹ, pɛ́nt, hɛ́s, hɛ̀ft, oxtɑ́, ɪnêɪ, tʰɛ̂ | |||
Apology, first sentence: | |||
:/pɑ̂smɪ hɪzê, ɑ̂ ədɪnâɪ əntə̀ɹ, ɪvədɐ̂z hɪvò tɑ̂n kəzɪgorɑ̂nɪm, gɑ́ ù kʰoɹɪz/ | |||
:how 2PL.NOM, VOC Athenian.PL man.PL.NOM PRET-be_affected by DEF.PL.GEN accuser-PL.GEN-1SG, 1SG.NOM NEG know.PRES | |||
:''How you, O Athenians, have been affected by my accusers, I cannot tell...'' | |||
:[Ancient Greek: Ὅτι μὲν ὑμεῖς, ὦ ἄνδρες Ἀθηναῖοι, πεπόνθατε ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν κατηγόρων, οὐκ οἶδα] | |||
koɹɪzɑ̀ 'know' is from χωρίζω 'separate, divide, distinguish' | |||
==Diachronics== | ==Diachronics== | ||
When should stress shift occur? Only certain endings should drop: (-ος, -α, -ον should drop) | When should stress shift occur? Only certain endings should drop: (-ος, -α, -ον should drop) | ||
pterón > ftèɹ 'wing' | πτερόν pterón > πτερ ftèɹ 'wing' | ||
xērós > sʰæ̀ɹ 'dry' | ξηρός xērós > ξηρ sʰæ̀ɹ 'dry' | ||
théma > tʰém 'thing'; pl. thémata > | θέμα théma > θέμ tʰém 'thing'; pl. θέματα thémata > tʰémàð > θεμᾶτ tʰɪmâð 'things' | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
*Stops: p b ph f v t d th θ ð k g kh x (ʔ) | |||
*Fricatives: s z sh h | |||
*Resonants: m n l r (w) | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
/ɐ ɛ o ɪ ə ɑ æ e i u y iə uə | /ɐ ɛ o ɪ ə ɑ æ e i u y iə uə aɪ eɪ aʊ oʊ əɹ æɹ ɒɹ eɹ iɹ yɹ ʊɹ/ | ||
Only /ə əɹ o ɪ/ may occur in unstressed syllables. | Only /ə əɹ o ɪ/ may occur in unstressed syllables. | ||
===Tones=== | ===Tones=== | ||
Heleasic has 3 tones: high, low, and falling. | |||
===Mutation=== | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Pronouns=== | |||
*1sg: γω ga | |||
*2sg: συ sy | |||
*3sg: τος/τη/το thos/thæ/tho | |||
*4: κειν kheen | |||
*1pl: μεις mees | |||
*2pl: σεις sees | |||
*3pl: τοι thei (common)/τα tha (neuter) | |||
low tone when non-emphatic, high tone when emphatic | |||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
====Declension==== | ====Declension==== | ||
Cases: Nominative and oblique | Cases: Nominative and oblique | ||
Gender and case marked by mutations: e.g. γλῶττ /klɑ̂t/ 'a language (nom)'; ἡ ʰγλῶττ /hə glɑ̂t/ 'the language (nom)' | |||
OBL: ἀνθρώπου > | NOM: ἄνθρωπος > əntɹɑ̂ph; ἄνθρωποι > əntɹophì | ||
OBL: ἀνθρώπου > əntɹophù; ἀνθρώπων > əntɹophɑ̂n | |||
*nom. ho, hæ (L), to; pl. hei, hei, ta | |||
*obl. tu (L), tē, tu (L), pl. tô (N) | |||
====Possessive suffixes==== | |||
1sg: ''-(e)m'' | |||
2sg: ''-(e)s'' | |||
3sg: ''-(e)t'' | |||
1pl: ''-men'' | |||
2pl: ''-sen'' | |||
3pl: ''-ten'' | |||
===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Verbs | Verbs lost personal inflection but retained many of the Ancient Greek tenses: infinitive, present, imperfect, perfect, future imperfect, future perfect, conditional, conditional perfect, imperative | ||
Verbs have passive forms, inherited from the Ancient Greek passive -ται and -το. | |||
*'to instruct': ''phdówin, phdów, ephdów, pephdôwg, phdówz, pephdówks, phdówi, pephdôwgi, phdów!'' /pʰdǒwɪn, pʰdǒw, ʔəpʰdôw, pəpʰdôwg, pʰdǒwz, pəpʰdôwks, pʰdǒwɪ, pəpʰdôwgɪ/ | |||
**'to be instructed': ''phdówte, phdówet, ephdówet, pephdôwget, phdówzet, pephdówkset, phdówit, pephdôwgit, phdówet!'' /pʰdǒwtə, pʰdǒwət, ʔəpʰdôwət, pəpʰdôwət, pʰdǒwzət, pəpʰdôwksət, pʰdǒwɪt, pəpʰdôwgɪt/ | |||
[[Category:Indo-European languages]][[Category:Hellenic languages]] | |||