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Valthungian: Difference between revisions
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===Compound Tenses=== | ===Compound Tenses=== | ||
====Forming the Perfect==== | ====Forming the Perfect==== | ||
In Gothic, there was no explicit perfect or perfective aspect in verbs. In order to express the perfect, sometimes the prefix ''ga-'' was added to verbs. Latin had a dedicated perfect inflection in verbs. In later Germanic and Romance languages, the perfect was formed by combining an auxiliary verb (usually ‘have’ or ‘be’) with a participle. In languages which make the distinction (such as French, German, and Italian), ‘have’ is used with most transitive verbs, while ‘be’ is reserved for intransitive verbs dealing with change of state or motion. | |||
In Valthungian, the same transitive/intransitive distinction exists; the distinction is much broader (purely transitive/intransitive, rather than the various rules, exceptions, and sub-rules that govern ''“être”'' and ''“essere”'' verbs), but the difference in realization is much more extreme. | |||
Intransitive verbs are formed in the Romance style by creating a compound of the verb ''wisna'' and the past participle. (The participle is an adjective, and is declined in the nominative to agree with the subject.) | |||
*''Sī ist lēkare worðna.'' ‘She has become a doctor.’ | |||
*''Ik was hǣma gangnas.'' ‘I had gone home.’ | |||
Transitive verbs are formed in the Gothic manner, though the ''ga-'' prefix from Gothic has since been grammaticalized and stands on its own as an adverb which is usually placed clause-finally. | |||
*Sī itmit gaf gā. ‘She had given it to him.’ | |||
*Ik þik sǣja gā. ‘I have seen you.’ | |||
====Forming the Future==== | ====Forming the Future==== | ||
====Forming the Passive==== | ====Forming the Passive==== | ||