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Eighth edition lekma: Difference between revisions
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A conlang named lekma /ˈɥexmä/ is an experimental miniature language, language Type (aiming): being low amount of distinct categories, half of lexicon are adoption of low Germanic languages, rests are from many others. it is | A conlang named lekma /ˈɥexmä/ is an experimental miniature language, language Type (aiming): being low amount of distinct categories, | ||
half of lexicon are adoption of low Germanic languages, rests are from many others. it is an aid, making it is to learn about languages. | |||
contents: +nouns(that are intransitives), +adjective nouns(monotransitives), +demonstrative nouns(which have plurals), +verbal nouns( | |||
contents: +nouns(that are intransitives), +adjective nouns(monotransitives), +demonstrative nouns(which have plurals), +verbal nouns(transitives, ditransitives), +particle nouns(that are coverbs). +enclitics, demontratives same as above. +suffix, (plural), (adjectival), (motion in once), (habitual), (subjunctive), (processive), (perfective), (nominaliser). | |||
{|nouns: +morpheme nouns(that are intransitives), +adjective nouns(monotransitives), +demonstrative nouns(which have plurals), +verbal nouns(that are transitives, ditransitives), +verb-derived particle nouns(that are prepositions, connectives). +enclitics(they turn nouns to full nouns):demontratives same as aboves, nominal suffix: e/∅/, (demostrative)-hen/ɦen/(plural), adjectival suffix: a,ä.har/ɦä/,/e/ s/s/, verbal suffix: hen/en/(motion in once), hel/ɦel/(habitual, nominaliser), had/ɦät/(subjunctive) dan/ŋdɐ/(processive) nin/nin/(perfective), an,en,ne,, vowel to nasalise+/ŋen/. | {|nouns: +morpheme nouns(that are intransitives), +adjective nouns(monotransitives), +demonstrative nouns(which have plurals), +verbal nouns(that are transitives, ditransitives), +verb-derived particle nouns(that are prepositions, connectives). +enclitics(they turn nouns to full nouns):demontratives same as aboves, nominal suffix: e/∅/, (demostrative)-hen/ɦen/(plural), adjectival suffix: a,ä.har/ɦä/,/e/ s/s/, verbal suffix: hen/en/(motion in once), hel/ɦel/(habitual, nominaliser), had/ɦät/(subjunctive) dan/ŋdɐ/(processive) nin/nin/(perfective), an,en,ne,, vowel to nasalise+/ŋen/. | ||
|} | |} | ||
every words are full | every words are morpheme. full nouns, affixed nouns or VO phrases are indicative. | ||
an object right after the verbal noun needs no suffix nor particle. an object before the verb needs a support of an objectival particle. | an object right after the verbal noun needs no suffix nor particle. an object before the verb needs a support of an objectival particle. | ||
e are null vowel null consonants if they are free from diacritics. (in this site uses resemble phonemic notations) | e are null vowel null consonants if they are free from diacritics. (in this site uses resemble phonemic notations) | ||
excepting q w p g j y. u is added as it is /ŋ/. | Writings: excepting q w p g j y. u is added as it is /ŋ/ a e i o u are also consonants in certain circumstances. | ||
{| | {| every words are full nouns or morpheme nouns, full nouns are indicative forms. |} | ||
{|it seems there are làa/ɡäː/ so some are irregular VO phrases are also full nouns..|} | |||
{| dalse càe látin, vàe áleman, bae látin, cae látin, kae eskanól, aüe elínica, meidallaoduilekma. e lao u vèi velar nasal.|} | {| dalse càe látin, vàe áleman, bae látin, cae látin, kae eskanól, aüe elínica, meidallaoduilekma. e lao u vèi velar nasal.|} | ||
{|borrowing words from other languages enter the group of adjective full noun, some enter full nouns. | {|borrowing words from other languages enter the group of adjective full noun, some enter full nouns. | ||
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Syntacs | Syntacs | ||
Type: SVO | Type: SVO. | ||
ergative noun • verbal noun objective noun | Basic structure: ergative noun - verbal noun objective noun - topic noun / verbal noun - noun adjectival suffix - topic noun. | ||
{| ergative noun • verbal noun objective noun • topic noun / verbal noun • noun adjectival suffix • topic noun, | |||
where a middle dot separates phrases. they can switch their places, phrases at firsts are focal phrases. | |||
|} | |||
{| aside from the phonemic orthography, numerals are written -|} | {| aside from the phonemic orthography, numerals are written -|} | ||
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CV(V)C | CV(V)C | ||
gemination affects vowel before it to lengthen or something then, it is simplified. | gemination affects vowel before it to lengthen or something then, it is simplified. | ||
tone rises at words initially. i(ǀ) start citing, (end cite), before a loanword, ǃ(ǂ) exclamation. | tone rises at words initially. | ||
i(ǀ) start citing, (end cite), before a loanword, ǃ(ǂ) exclamation. | |||
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Made text | Made text | ||
of it is what. | of it is what. | ||
nerca | nerca sêina | ||
nac-har | nac-har sêd-nan | ||
i.be swed-ish | i.be swed-ish | ||
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naciorneus lekma | naciorneus lekma? neidoc. | ||
is.romlang lekma it.is.not | is.romlang lekma it.is.not | ||
lekma is a romlang. no, it's not. | lekma is a romlang. no, it's not. | ||