Eighth edition lekma: Difference between revisions

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Eighth edition lekma (view source)

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  content: {{green|n}}ouns(nominal of intransitives), {{green|a}}djective nouns(nominal of monotransitives), {{green|d}}emonstrative nouns(have plural forms), {{green|v}}erbal nouns(nominal of transitives), {{green|c}}overbal nouns, {{green|e}}nclitic nouns.
  content: {{green|n}}ouns(nominal of intransitives), {{green|a}}djective nouns(nominal of adjectives), {{green|d}}emonstrative nouns(have plural forms, have similarity for the category), {{green|v}}erbal nouns(nominal of monotransitives), {{green|c}}overbal nouns(have similarity for the category), {{green|e}}nclitic nouns(have similarity for the category).


{|nouns: + nouns(nominal of intransitives),  nouns(nominal of language monotansitives), nouns(which have plurals), +verbal nouns(that are transitives, ditransitives), +-derived particle nouns(that are prepositions, connectives). +enclitics(they turn nouns to full nouns):demontratives same as aboves, nominal suffix: e/∅/, demostrative)-hen/ɦen/(plural), adjectival suffix: a,ä.har/ɦä/,/e/ s/s/, verbal suffix: hen/en/(motion in once), hel/ɦel/, had/ɦät/(subjunctive dan/ŋdɐ/(processive) nin/nin/(perfective), an,en,ne,, vowel to nasalise+/ŋen/.
{|nouns: + nouns(nominal of intransitives),  nounsnominal of language monotansitives, nouns(which have plurals), +verbal nouns(that are transitives, ditransitives), +-derived particle nouns(that are prepositions, connectives). +encliticsthey turn nouns t full nouns:demontratives same as aboves, nominal suffix: e/∅/, demostrative)-hen/ɦen/(plual), adjectial suix: a,ä.har/ɦä/,/e/ s/s/, vebal suffix: hen/en/(motion in nce), hel/ɦel/, had/ɦät/(subjunctive dan/ŋdɐ/(processive) nin/nin/(perfective), an,en,ne,, vowel to nasalise+/ŋen/.
|}
|}


  enclitics express those kinds, nominal, adjectival, plural, objective, dative, motion in once, habitual, subjunctive, processive, perfective.
  enclitics distinguish those kinds, nominal, adjectival, plural, objective, motion in once, habitual, subjunctive, processive, perfective.
  every words are morpheme. full nouns, affixed nouns or VO phrases are indicative mood.
demontratives express those kinds, nominal, ergative, objective, subjunctive, dative, near to the speaker, away from the speaker.
e is phonemically space, except after a consonant.
  every words are morpheme. nouns with enclitics or VO phrases, are indicative mood.


{| an object right bafter  verbal nun eeds no suffx nor partcle. an object before the verb needs a support of an objectival particle.|}
{| an object right bafter  verbal nun eeds no suffx nor partcle. an object before the a support of an objectial particle.|}
{|  everys are morpheme nouns, ul nouns are indicatives.  in this site uses resemble notations|}
{|  everys are morpheme nouns, full nouns, ul nouns are indicatives.  in this site uses resemble notations|}
{|it seems there are làa/ɡäː/ so some are irregular VO are also full nouns.. if the are free from diacritics.|}
{|it seems there are làa/ɡäː/ so some are irregular VO are also full nouns.. if the are free from diacritics.|}
{| dalse càe látin, vàe áleman, bae látin, cae látin, kae eskanól, aüe elínica, meidallaoduilekma. e lao u vèi velar nas.|}
{| dalse càe látin, vàe áleman, bae látin, cae látin, kae eskanól, aüe elínica, meidallaoduilekma. e lao u vèi velar nas.|}
{|borrowing words from other languages enter the group of adjective full noun, soe enter .
{|borrowing words from other languages enter the group of adjective full noun, soe enter .
|}
|}


  Syntactics
  Syntactics
  Type: SVO-Topic, right branching.
  Type: SVO-Topic, right branching of a clause, left element modifies the right.
  word formation: (+coverb) noun (+adjectifier) (+demonstrative) (+verb) noun (+enclitic).
  Word formation: (+coverb) noun (+adjectifier of zeromopheme) (+demonstrative) (+verb) noun (+enclitic).
{|  ergative noun • vebal noun objective noun from the grammar • topic noun / al noun • noun adjectival suffix • topic noun, where a middle dot separates phrases. they can switch their places, phses at fists are foal phrases.|}
{|  ergative noun • vebal noun objective noun from the grammar • topic noun / al noun • noun adjectival suffix • topic noun, where a middle dot separates phrases. they can switch their places, phses at fists are foal phrases.|}


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{|Morpheme inventory|}
{|Morpheme inventory|}
{|* s- /sɨ/,allomopheme;/s/,* n- /nɨ/,allomorpheme;/n/,* a- /ä/* ∅- /ʔ/* -a /ɦä/* -e /ɦe/* -s /s/* -as /ɦäs/* -es /ɦes/* -n /n/* -en /ɦen/* -ns /ns/* -ens /ɦens/* -l /l/* -t /t/* -d , including extras/t/* -ls /ls/* -ts /t͡s/* -ds /des/* -el /el/* -et /et/* -at /ät/* ad /äde/* -els /els/* -ets /et͡s/* -ats /ät͡s/* -ads /ädes/* -nd /indɐ/* -nt /int/* -nds /indɐs/* -nts /intes/
{|* s- /sɨ/,allo;/s/,* n- /nɨ/,allomorpheme;/n/,* a- /ä/* ∅- /ʔ/* -a /ɦä/* -e /ɦe/* -s /s/* -as /ɦäs/* -es /ɦes/* -n /n/* -en /ɦen/* -ns /ns/* -ens /ɦens/* -l /l/* -t /t/* -d , including extras/t/* -ls /ls/* -ts /t͡s/* -ds /des/* -el /el/* -et /et/* -at /ät/* ad /äde/* -els /els/* -ets /et͡s/* -ats /ät͡s/* -ads /ädes/* -nd /indɐ/*for  -nt /int/* -nds /indɐs/* -nts /intes/
|}
|}


  writings: excepting for q w p g j y. u is added as /ŋ/, a i u are consonants in certain circumstances.
writings: excepting q w p g j y, u is added as /ŋ/, a i u are consonants in certain circumstances,
  grapheme inventory.
e is phonemically space, except for after a consonant.
grapheme inventory.
{| |
{| |
! |<small>{{blue|Consonants}}</small>
! |<small>{{blue|Consonants}}</small>
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|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Plosive</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Plosive</small>
| {{blue|b}}a{{blue|b}}(b-p) ||  || {{blue|d}}a{{blue|d}}(d-t) ||  ||  || {{blue|c}}a{{blue|c}}(k-ɡ) ||  || {{blue|a}}âe(ʔ)
| {{blue|b}}a{{blue|b}}(b~p) ||  || {{blue|d}}a{{blue|d}}(d~t) ||  ||  || {{blue|c}}a{{blue|c}}(k~ɡ) ||  || {{blue|a}}âe(ʔ)
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Affricate</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Affricate</small>
|  ||  || {{blue|z}}ae(d͡z-t͡s) || {{blue|t}}â{{blue|t}}(ʈ͡ʂ) ||  ||  ||  ||  
|  ||  || {{blue|z}}ae(d͡z~t͡s) || {{blue|t}}â{{blue|t}}(ʈ͡ʂ~t͡ʃ) ||  ||  ||  ||  
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Fricative</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Fricative</small>
|  || {{blue|f}}â{{blue|f}}(f) || {{blue|s}}a{{blue|s}}(s-ɕ) || {{blue|x}}a{{blue|x}}(ʂ-ç) ||  || {{blue|k}}a{{blue|k}}(x, k) ||  || {{blue|h}}a{{blue|h}}(ɦ, n/a)
|  || {{blue|f}}â{{blue|f}}(f) || {{blue|s}}a{{blue|s}}(s~ɕ) || {{blue|x}}a{{blue|x}}(ʂ~ç) ||  || {{blue|k}}a{{blue|k}}(x~χ, k) ||  || {{blue|h}}a{{blue|h}}(ɦ, n/a)
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Trill</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Trill</small>
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || {{blue|r}}ae(ʀ-r) ||  
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || {{blue|r}}ae(ʀ~r) ||  
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Approximant</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Approximant</small>
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|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Semi vowel</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Semi vowel</small>
|  || {{blue|a}}àe,aa{{blue|è}}(u̯) || {{blue|l}}a{{blue|l}},{{blue|u}}àe(ɥ, l) ||  || {{blue|a}}áe,aa{{blue|é}}(i̯) ||  ||  || aa{{blue|r}}(ɐ̯, n/a)
|  || {{blue|a}}àe,aa{{blue|è}}(u̯) || {{blue|l}}a{{blue|l}},{{blue|u}}àe(ɥ, l) ||  || {{blue|a}}áe,aa{{blue|é}}(i̯) ||  ||  || aa{{blue|r}}(ë~ɐ̯, n/a)
|}
|}


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|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Close</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Close</small>
| a{{blue|i}}e(i) || a{{blue|ü}}e(y) || a{{blue|ei}},a{{blue|í}}e(ëi̯) || a{{blue|ò}}e(u̯o) || a{{blue|ui(}}ɯɨ) || a{{blue|u}}e(u)
| a{{blue|i}}e(i) || a{{blue|ü}}e(y) || a{{blue|ei}},a{{blue|í}}e(ëi̯) || a{{blue|ò}}e(u̯o) || a{{blue|ui}}a{{blue|ï}}e(ɯɨ) || a{{blue|u}}e(u)
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Mid-open</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Mid-open</small>
Neubalhhonn
580

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