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Atlantic: Difference between revisions
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* Velar sound + '''i, e''' → '''qu, gu'''; the sequences {{IPA|/χi χe/}} do not exist in Atlantic. | * Velar sound + '''i, e''' → '''qu, gu'''; the sequences {{IPA|/χi χe/}} do not exist in Atlantic. | ||
===s=== | ===s, x=== | ||
The letter '''s''' may represent two or three different phonemes depending on dialect: {{IPA|/s z/}} are common to all Atlantic dialects, with {{IPA|/z/}} never occurring word-initially or word-finally and being the only one to happen before voiced consonants, and being written as '''s''' intervocalically; in this position, the only one where it contrasts with {{IPA|/s/}}, the latter is written '''ss'''. | The letter '''s''' may represent two or three different phonemes depending on dialect: {{IPA|/s z/}} are common to all Atlantic dialects, with {{IPA|/z/}} never occurring word-initially or word-finally and being the only one to happen before voiced consonants, and being written as '''s''' intervocalically; in this position, the only one where it contrasts with {{IPA|/s/}}, the latter is written '''ss'''. | ||
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The third phoneme represented by '''s''' is {{IPA|/ɕ/}}, limited to a few Numidian dialects and only occurring before a soft '''c''' as in ''nosciri'' "to be born" {{IPA|/ˈnɔɕtɕiri/}}. These dialects' {{IPA|/ɕtɕ/}} sequence corresponds to {{IPA|/stɕ/}} elsewhere (cf. standard {{IPA|/ˈnɔstɕiri/}}). | The third phoneme represented by '''s''' is {{IPA|/ɕ/}}, limited to a few Numidian dialects and only occurring before a soft '''c''' as in ''nosciri'' "to be born" {{IPA|/ˈnɔɕtɕiri/}}. These dialects' {{IPA|/ɕtɕ/}} sequence corresponds to {{IPA|/stɕ/}} elsewhere (cf. standard {{IPA|/ˈnɔstɕiri/}}). | ||
The letter '''x''' represents historical {{IPA|/ɕ/}}, which has shifted to {{IPA|/ç/}} in all dialects except for those of mountain areas and far eastern Numidia; a peculiar characteristic of the dialect of Hippo Regius in the far east of the country is the "hardening" of this sound to {{IPA|/ʂ/}} (''lu xi hipuriginsi''). Word-finally, this phoneme is written as '''ix''' after vowels, and it may contrast with '''x''' in some learned Greek or Latin words which represents {{IPA|/ks/}}, with the most common minimal pair being ''seix'' "six" {{IPA|/sɛç ~ sɛɕ/ [sɛç ~ sɛɕ]}} vs. ''sex'' "sex" {{IPA|/sɛks/ [ˈsɛkɛs]}}. The only exception is for acronyms where a word-final '''x''' was word-medial in the source word; in such words, the i-less spelling is kept but with the {{IPA|/ç/}} sound, as in ''soxnox'' "Nazi" {{IPA|/sɔçˈnɔç ~ sɔɕˈnɔɕ/}} (acronym of ''soxorista noxunori'').<br/>Originally Greek given names with '''x''' may be pronounced with either {{IPA|/ç/}} or {{IPA|/ks/}}; the latter pronunciation is more formal, but the former is more common - cf. ''Anaxagora'' {{IPA|/anaçaˈgɔra ~ anaksaˈgɔra/}} or ''Xerxi'' {{IPA|/ˈçɛrçi ~ ˈksɛrksi/}}. However, for ''Arixandr'' and ''Arixandra'' only the pronunciation with {{IPA|/ç/}} is used. | |||
===Epenthesis=== | ===Epenthesis=== | ||