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Yrkyr: Difference between revisions
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→Pronominal morphology
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*Inalienable possessive marker can be used either with or without a possessive marker, depending on the context. For example, one can say ''jatese wakynne'' "his/her eyes are blue", when he/she is a new topic, but ''jates wakynne'' when it is known from the context, which person is being talked about. | *Inalienable possessive marker can be used either with or without a possessive marker, depending on the context. For example, one can say ''jatese wakynne'' "his/her eyes are blue", when he/she is a new topic, but ''jates wakynne'' when it is known from the context, which person is being talked about. | ||
The most common nouns used with these prefixes are ''tlat'' "place, location", ''to'' "side", ''ne'' "way", ''šon'' "time, occasion", hahr "person". However, the prefixes may be used with any noun, so a large number of pronouns can be created this way. | The most common nouns used with these prefixes are ''tlat'' "place, location", ''to'' "side", ''ne'' "way", ''šon'' "time, occasion", hahr "person". However, the prefixes may be used with any noun, so a large number of pronouns can be created this way. | ||
===Verbal morphology=== | |||
Verbs are the most complex element of the Yrkyr morphology. They are composed of a stem to which inflectional or derivational prefixes are added. The stem itself is composed of a root and an aspect marker. Sometimes there is also a thematic suffix fused to the stem. The affixes that occur on a verb are added in specified more or less rigid order according to affix type. Positions of those types are called templates. A verb doesn't need to have all templates filled, but every verb must have at least one full template. Below is a table of all the Yrkyr verb templates: | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center" | |||
|- | |||
| '''disjunct prefixes''' | |||
| '''conjunct prefixes''' | |||
| '''stem''' | |||
|} | |||
The prefix complex may be subdivided into 11 positions, with some of the positions having even further subdivisions: | |||
{| class="wikitable" frame=void style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap;" | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Preverb | |||
! colspan="4" | Prefixes | |||
! colspan="3" | Stem | |||
! colspan="5" | Suffixes | |||
|- | |||
| -6 | |||
| -5 | |||
| -4 | |||
| -3 | |||
| -2 | |||
| -1 | |||
| 0 | |||
| 1 | |||
| 2 | |||
| 3 | |||
| 4 | |||
| 5 | |||
| 6 | |||
|- | |||
| <small>thematic<br>prefix</small> | |||
| <small>negation</small> | |||
| <small>evidentiality</small> | |||
| <small>valence</small> | |||
| <small>modality</small> | |||
| <small>aspect</small> | |||
| <small>root</small> | |||
| <small>thematic<br>suffix</small> | |||
| <small>inverse<br>marker</small> | |||
| <small>impersonal<br>marker</small> | |||
| <small>verb type<br>modifier</small> | |||
| <small>object</small> | |||
| <small>subject</small> | |||
|} | |||
Although prefixes are generally found in a specific position, some may change order via [[w:Metathesis_(linguistics)|metathesis]]. Suffixes are typically more rigid and when a consonant cluster would form, /ə/ is inserted to break a prohibited cluster. Sometimes an unexpected vowel or consonant may appear and their appearance should be memorized, since such alterations are no longer predictable. Typically '''e''' appears after the root and before suffixes in some old verbs ending. For example: ''wynnu'' "to find out" - ''wynneweš'' "You've found it out". | |||
====Preverb==== | |||
Some prefixes, put into this template, indicate various spatial and temporal relation. Their meaning is similar to English prepositions that are used with nouns, but in Yrkyr they are used with the verb instead. Some nouns are also incorporated into the verb and put into this template. Preverb can be analized as separate word from the verb but it always strictly precedes the verb it modifies. The noun incorporation of this type is falling out of use, instead nouns tend to fuse with pronominal particles when possible. The only frequent preverb is ''te-'', which is used to indicate motion along something or that the action may progress. Others are ''he-'' indicating a downward movement and ''nam-'' indicating action on the surface of something. | |||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||