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Yrkyr: Difference between revisions
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→Prefixes
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| lis- || social interaction || lit-us "to chat" | | lis- || social interaction || lit-us "to chat" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| wyt- || mental state || wyt- | | wyt- || mental state || wyt-li "to sing" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| myl- || tool usage || myl-na "to sew" | | myl- || tool usage || myl-na "to sew" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
====Stem==== | |||
Yrkyr has different [[w:Grammatical aspect|aspectual]] and [[w:Grammatical mood|modal]] distinctions indicated by an aspect prefix or, sometimes, a combination of several aspect prefixes fused together. Yrkyr lacks a grammatical [[w:Grammatical tense|tense]]. There are primary and secondary aspects, with the secondary aspects being used only in combination with a primary ones. | |||
{| class="IPA wikitable" frame=void style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left; white-space:nowrap;" | |||
! Primary spect | |||
! Prefixes | |||
! Secondary aspect | |||
! Prefix | |||
|- | |||
! Imperfective | |||
| yš-/yt- | |||
! Continuous | |||
| -l- | |||
|- | |||
! Perfective | |||
| Ø- | |||
! Momentaneous | |||
| -s-/-t- | |||
|- | |||
! Stative | |||
| aw-/wa-/u- | |||
! Terminative | |||
| -k- | |||
|- | |||
! Iterative | |||
| as-/axʷ- | |||
! Quotative | |||
| -o(x)-/-os- | |||
|- | |||
! Optative | |||
| kʷ-/ku- | |||
! Necessitative | |||
| -r-/-n- | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
*The '''imperfective''' indicates an event/action that has begun but remains incomplete and can usually be translated into English using present continuous tense: ''wytli'' - "to sing", ''wytytliŋ'' - "I'm singing". | |||
*The '''perfective''' indicates an event/action that has been completed. It usually corresponds to English simple past or future perfect: ''taxkyŋ'' - "I arrived"/"I will have arrived". | |||
*The '''stative''' or the habitual specifies an action as occurring usually, ordinarily, or as a fact, for example: ''wakoryŋ'' "I speak", "I have an ability to speak" | |||
The '''optative''' indicates a positive or negative wish or desire and is also used as English imperative. Yrkyr lacks a separate imperative mood. For example, ''tlykukorŋeš'' - "talk to me please" expresses wish, not a command or obligation. | |||
*Secondary aspects only specify the duration of an action or whether it was (or will be) stopped (terminative) or is/will be ongoing (continuous) and are rarely used in everyday speech, except when necessary. Momentaneous aspect is used to indicate the action happened in an instant. Quotative marks quoted speech and typically the evidential prefix ''ošk-'' is used instead, if the speaker believes the source. Necessitative indicates the action that should be done, usually used together with optative as the prefix ''kur-''. | |||
*Some verb roots have an irregular conjugation pattern, when a vowel or a whole syllable may appear. This is called a thematic suffix. The usual suffix is -e- which appears in a few old verbs with roots ending in -u or -i. Sometimes the consonant /h/ may appear if a root contains a long vowel: ''walhuh'' "to put away" - ''lyllyheŋ'' "I put it away". | |||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||