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Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions
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→Noun-forming morphemes
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'''-rṣūs''' (''-ṛṣūs'' after a consonant) denotes a tool, namely something used in doing an action. | '''-rṣūs''' (''-ṛṣūs'' after a consonant) denotes a tool, namely something used in doing an action. | ||
* ''yaud'' (to catch) → ''yaudṛṣūs'' (trap) | * ''yaud-'' (to catch) → ''yaudṛṣūs'' (trap) | ||
* ''miš'' (to see) → ''meširṣūs'' (eye <small>''(literary, rare)''</small>)<ref>Middle-grade ablaut is specific to this root.</ref> | * ''miš-'' (to see) → ''meširṣūs'' (eye <small>''(literary, rare)''</small>)<ref>Middle-grade ablaut is specific to this root.</ref> | ||
* '' | * ''nail-'' (to kiss) → ''nailṛṣūs'' (lips (pair of)) | ||
'''-gis''' denotes something used ''for'' doing an action, not always synonymous with ''-rṣūs''. ''-t-gis'' becomes ''-ñjis''. | '''-gis''' denotes something used ''for'' doing an action, not always synonymous with ''-rṣūs''. ''-t-gis'' becomes ''-ñjis''. | ||
* ''mešīn'' (eye) → ''mešīlgis'' (glasses (pair of)) | * ''mešīn'' (eye) → ''mešīlgis'' (glasses (pair of)) | ||
* ''tug'' (to beat) → ''tulgis'' (drumstick) | * ''tug-'' (to beat) → ''tulgis'' (drumstick) | ||
* ''lgut'' (to buy) → ''lguñjis'' (money, currency) | * ''lgut-'' (to buy) → ''lguñjis'' (money, currency) | ||
'''-oe''' (with middle-grade ablaut) often denotes a result, but has lots of various meanings. | '''-oe''' (with middle-grade ablaut) often denotes a result, but has lots of various meanings. | ||
* ''hal'' (to call) → ''haloe'' (name, noun) | * ''hal-'' (to call) → ''haloe'' (name, noun) | ||
* ''peith'' (to go, walk (multidirectional)) → ''peithoe'' (development; the way something is carried out) | * ''peith-'' (to go, walk (multidirectional)) → ''peithoe'' (development; the way something is carried out) | ||
* ''yųl'' (to eat) → ''yąloe'' (meal) | * ''yųl-'' (to eat) → ''yąloe'' (meal) | ||
'''-īn''' plus middle grade-ablaut denotes a doer (roughly equivalent to English ''-er''); usually it is a person, but not always. | '''-īn''' plus middle grade-ablaut denotes a doer (roughly equivalent to English ''-er''); usually it is a person, but not always. | ||
* ''bhi'' (to take care of; to care for) → ''bhayīn'' (someone who takes care; guardian) | * ''bhi-'' (to take care of; to care for) → ''bhayīn'' (someone who takes care; guardian) | ||
* ''tug'' (to beat) → ''togīn'' (heart) | * ''tug-'' (to beat) → ''togīn'' (heart) | ||
* ''lgut'' (to buy) → ''lgotīn'' (buyer) | * ''lgut-'' (to buy) → ''lgotīn'' (buyer) | ||
'''-āvi''' denotes something derived from X. It is also used in forming matronymics. | '''-āvi''' denotes something derived from X. It is also used in forming matronymics. | ||
* ''lameṣa'' (coconut palm) → ''laṃṣāvi'' (coconut) | * ''lameṣa'' (coconut palm) → ''laṃṣāvi'' (coconut) | ||
* ''mešanah'' (sight) → ''mešanąvi'' (knowledge) | * ''mešanah'' (sight) → ''mešanąvi'' (knowledge) | ||
* ''yųl'' (to eat) → ''yųlāvi'' (strength <small>''(literary, rare)''</small>) | * ''yųl-'' (to eat) → ''yųlāvi'' (strength <small>''(literary, rare)''</small>) | ||
'''-āmis''', with lengthening, means "made of X". | '''-āmis''', with lengthening, means "made of X". | ||
* ''tāmira'' (rock, stone) → ''tāmirāmis'' (stone tool) | * ''tāmira'' (rock, stone) → ''tāmirāmis'' (stone tool) | ||
* ''tarlā'' (knowledge, science) → ''tārlāmis'' (wisdom) | * ''tarlā'' (knowledge, science) → ''tārlāmis'' (wisdom) | ||
* ''lil'' (to live) → ''līlāmis'' (a blissful place) | * ''lil-'' (to live) → ''līlāmis'' (a blissful place) | ||
* Words ending in a final long vowel (plus either ''h'', ''s'', or ''m'') do not lengthen any vowel in a previous syllable (e.g. ''ñaryāh'' (mountain) → ''ñaryāmis'' (mountainous area)). | * Words ending in a final long vowel (plus either ''h'', ''s'', or ''m'') do not lengthen any vowel in a previous syllable (e.g. ''ñaryāh'' (mountain) → ''ñaryāmis'' (mountainous area)). | ||
'''-ikā''' has various meanings, often somewhat abstract, intensive, or related to highly valued things/roles. | '''-ikā''' has various meanings, often somewhat abstract, intensive, or related to highly valued things/roles. | ||
* ''daša'' (rain) → ''dāšikā'' (monsoon) (irregular lengthening) | * ''daša'' (rain) → ''dāšikā'' (monsoon) (irregular lengthening) | ||
* '' | * ''nail-'' (to kiss) → ''nailikā'' (love <small>''(literary, rare)''</small>) | ||
* ''lalāruṇa'' (giant domestic lizard) → ''lalārauṇikā'' (knight mounting a ''lalāruṇa'') | * ''lalāruṇa'' (giant domestic lizard) → ''lalārauṇikā'' (knight mounting a ''lalāruṇa'') | ||