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→Forming the subjunctive
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The subjunctive is formed by shifting a verb's base theme vowel, as described by the table to the left. This shift happens after the stem, but may be either before or after the suffix, depending on whether or not there is a theme vowel before the suffix in the indicative. So the perfective of '''''aedēs''''' ("they should love it") is '''''aedēvis''''' (from indicative '''''aedāvis''''') but '''''saepiās''''' ("they should cut it") is '''''saepuēs''''' (from indicative '''''saepuis'''''), not **''aedāvēs'' or **''saepēvis''. Although these forms are occasionally found in non-standard writing, they are considered incorrect my grammaticians. | The subjunctive is formed by shifting a verb's base theme vowel, as described by the table to the left. This shift happens after the stem, but may be either before or after the suffix, depending on whether or not there is a theme vowel before the suffix in the indicative. So the perfective of '''''aedēs''''' ("they should love it") is '''''aedēvis''''' (from indicative '''''aedāvis''''') but '''''saepiās''''' ("they should cut it") is '''''saepuēs''''' (from indicative '''''saepuis'''''), not **''aedāvēs'' or **''saepēvis''. Although these forms are occasionally found in non-standard writing, they are considered incorrect my grammaticians. | ||
The imperfective subjunctive uses the 1st person sungular ''-it'' instead of ''-iç'', and ''-ō'' instead of ''-or'': '''''paciç''''', '''''pacior''''' ("they take me, I take") become '''''paciat''''', '''''paciō''''' ("they should take me, I should take"). | The imperfective subjunctive uses the 1st person sungular ''-it'' instead of ''-iç'', and ''-ō'' instead of ''-or'': '''''{{term|paciç}}''''', '''''pacior''''' ("they take me, I take") become '''''paciat''''', '''''paciō''''' ("they should take me, I should take"). | ||
The 1st person subjunctive perfective in verbs that have no theme vowel before the suffix and does not extend the root vowel is identical to the indicative, and the mood must be inferred through conext: '''''saepuī''''' may be either "they cut me" or "They should cut me." The 3rd person active cyclical singulars in verbs with base theme vowels ''-ī-'' and ''-ē-'' are also identical, e.g. both '''''pacia''''' ("they take it/they should take it"), '''''augea''''' ("they see it/they should see it"). | The 1st person subjunctive perfective in verbs that have no theme vowel before the suffix and does not extend the root vowel is identical to the indicative, and the mood must be inferred through conext: '''''saepuī''''' may be either "they cut me" or "They should cut me." The 3rd person active cyclical singulars in verbs with base theme vowels ''-ī-'' and ''-ē-'' are also identical, e.g. both '''''pacia''''' ("they take it/they should take it"), '''''augea''''' ("they see it/they should see it"). | ||