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The subjunctive has numerous uses, ranging from what potentially might be true to what the speaker wishes or commands should happen. It is often translated with 'should', 'could', 'would', 'may' and so on, but in certain contexts it is translated as if it were an ordinary indicative verb.
The subjunctive has numerous uses, ranging from what potentially might be true to what the speaker wishes or commands should happen. It is often translated with 'should', 'could', 'would', 'may' and so on, but in certain contexts it is translated as if it were an ordinary indicative verb.


One use of the subjunctive is the '''speculative subjunction''', used when the speaker imagines what potentially may, might, would, or could happen in the present or future or might have happened in the past.
One use of the subjunctive is the '''speculative subjunction''', used when the speaker imagines what potentially may, might, would, or could happen in the present or future or might have happened in the past. Negation for this time uses '''''{{term|mū}}'''''.
:*'''''aug<u>eārur</u>''' oelun stere''<br>'This job '''<u>may</u> seem''' difficult'
:*'''''moei<u>ea</u>''' oscülan salva''<br>'Little Oscus '''<u>might</u> like''' a book'


The subjunctive may also be used as the '''optative subjunctive''', expressing what the speaker wishes may happen, or wishes had happened. These expresses a weaker or more generalised desire, as opposed to the desiderative mood.
{{interlinear| number=1.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''Augeārur seun oeliun stērē.''
:*'''''proet<u>ēstī</u>''' monde!''<br>''''<u>May</u> you be healthy''' and prosperous!'
| aug-'''eārur''' se-un oel-iun stēr-ē
:*''hic'''c<u>iāvis</u>''' fisc bernus indërī''<br>''''<u>If only</u>''' this storm hadn't '''come''' to the capital'
| see-'''MID.SUBJ.3SG.E''' this-E.NOM.SG job-NOM.SG hard-ADV
|'This job seems difficult.'}}


The '''jussive subjunctive''' can be used for commands or suggestions for what should happen. It is less direct and far more common than the '''imperative'''.
{{interlinear| number=2.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''Moeiea Oscülan zatū salva.''
:*'''''v<u>en</u>''' hānō ēvecō veniendō''<br>'''You <u>should</u> go''' to the temple to prevail against the curse.
| moei-'''ea''' oscül-an ȥat-ū salv-a
| please-'''SUBJ.3SG.C''' Little.Oscus-ACC.SG gift-ESS.SG book-NOM.SG
|'Little Oscus may like a book as a gift.'}}


Perhaps the most common use of the subjunctive is the '''conditional subjunctive'''.  When the subjunctive is used in a subordinate clause (with the verb moving to the final position), it may carry the meaning 'if, when, should, etc..'  This can be used both in finite verb forms, and with participles, the former being more popular in Old inscriptions and the later in Classical ones.
The subjunctive may also be used as the '''optative subjunctive''', expressing what the speaker wishes may happen, or wishes had happened.  These expresses a weaker or more generalised desire, as opposed to the desiderative mood.  Negation for this time uses '''''{{term|mū}}'''''.
:*''cōrdiō '''v<u>en</u>''' effertia altanē invegīs''<br>'''<u>If</u> you are going''' to the assembly can you bring back water on the way?
 
:*''saub hānīs menī altan '''cept<u>iāvis</u>''' cīs horientus aegïtae rhame''<br>Only '''<u>when</u> one has washed themselves''' in the temple can one look upon a celestial god without dying.
{{interlinear| number=3.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''Ciāvis mū seus indërī bernus!''
| c-'''iāvis''' se-us indër-ī bern-us
| come-'''PFV.SUBJ.3SG.T''' this-T.NOM.SG capital-DAT.SG storm-NOM.SG
|'If only this storm hadn't come to the capital!'}}
 
The '''jussive subjunctive''' can be used for commands or suggestions for what should happen.  It is less direct and far more common than the '''imperative'''.  Negation for this time uses '''''{{term|mīm}}'''''.
 
{{interlinear| number=4.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''Ven hānō ēvecō veniendō!''
| v-'''en''' hān-ō ex<nowiki>=</nowiki>vec-ā ven-iend-ō
| go-'''SUBJ.2SG''' temple-DAT.SG against<nowiki>=</nowiki>curse-ABL.SG win-GER-DAT
|'You should go to the temple to prevail against the curse.'}}
 
Perhaps the most common use of the subjunctive is the '''conditional subjunctive'''.  When the subjunctive is used in a subordinate clause (with the verb moving to the final position), it may carry the meaning 'if, when, should, etc..'  This can be used both in finite verb forms, and with participles, the former being more popular in Old inscriptions and the later in Classical ones. Negation for this time uses '''''{{term|mīm}}'''''.


====Desiderative====
====Desiderative====
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