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→Uses of the subjunctive
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The subjunctive has numerous uses, ranging from what potentially might be true to what the speaker wishes or commands should happen. It is often translated with 'should', 'could', 'would', 'may' and so on, but in certain contexts it is translated as if it were an ordinary indicative verb. | The subjunctive has numerous uses, ranging from what potentially might be true to what the speaker wishes or commands should happen. It is often translated with 'should', 'could', 'would', 'may' and so on, but in certain contexts it is translated as if it were an ordinary indicative verb. | ||
One use of the subjunctive is the '''speculative subjunction''', used when the speaker imagines what potentially may, might, would, or could happen in the present or future or might have happened in the past. | One use of the subjunctive is the '''speculative subjunction''', used when the speaker imagines what potentially may, might, would, or could happen in the present or future or might have happened in the past. Negation for this time uses '''''{{term|mū}}'''''. | ||
{{interlinear| number=1.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''Augeārur seun oeliun stērē.'' | |||
: | | aug-'''eārur''' se-un oel-iun stēr-ē | ||
| see-'''MID.SUBJ.3SG.E''' this-E.NOM.SG job-NOM.SG hard-ADV | |||
|'This job seems difficult.'}} | |||
{{interlinear| number=2.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''Moeiea Oscülan zatū salva.'' | |||
| moei-'''ea''' oscül-an ȥat-ū salv-a | |||
| please-'''SUBJ.3SG.C''' Little.Oscus-ACC.SG gift-ESS.SG book-NOM.SG | |||
|'Little Oscus may like a book as a gift.'}} | |||
Perhaps the most common use of the subjunctive is the '''conditional subjunctive'''. When the subjunctive is used in a subordinate clause (with the verb moving to the final position), it may carry the meaning 'if, when, should, etc..' This can be used both in finite verb forms, and with participles, the former being more popular in Old inscriptions and the later in Classical ones. | The subjunctive may also be used as the '''optative subjunctive''', expressing what the speaker wishes may happen, or wishes had happened. These expresses a weaker or more generalised desire, as opposed to the desiderative mood. Negation for this time uses '''''{{term|mū}}'''''. | ||
{{interlinear| number=3.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''Ciāvis mū seus indërī bernus!'' | |||
| c-'''iāvis''' se-us indër-ī bern-us | |||
| come-'''PFV.SUBJ.3SG.T''' this-T.NOM.SG capital-DAT.SG storm-NOM.SG | |||
|'If only this storm hadn't come to the capital!'}} | |||
The '''jussive subjunctive''' can be used for commands or suggestions for what should happen. It is less direct and far more common than the '''imperative'''. Negation for this time uses '''''{{term|mīm}}'''''. | |||
{{interlinear| number=4.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''Ven hānō ēvecō veniendō!'' | |||
| v-'''en''' hān-ō ex<nowiki>=</nowiki>vec-ā ven-iend-ō | |||
| go-'''SUBJ.2SG''' temple-DAT.SG against<nowiki>=</nowiki>curse-ABL.SG win-GER-DAT | |||
|'You should go to the temple to prevail against the curse.'}} | |||
Perhaps the most common use of the subjunctive is the '''conditional subjunctive'''. When the subjunctive is used in a subordinate clause (with the verb moving to the final position), it may carry the meaning 'if, when, should, etc..' This can be used both in finite verb forms, and with participles, the former being more popular in Old inscriptions and the later in Classical ones. Negation for this time uses '''''{{term|mīm}}'''''. | |||
====Desiderative==== | ====Desiderative==== | ||