Aeranir: Difference between revisions

Unlike the middle voice, the passive is not used for verbal complements, and it cannot take the agent of a verb as its subject.  It is never used in verbal complements.   

| tet -erur se -un tīn -Ø iūs  

|drink -MID.3SG.E this -E.NOM.SG tea -NOM.SG well

|'This tea tastes good (lit. 'it drinks well').'}}

| tet -'''ēlārur''' se -un tīn -Ø iūs  

|drink -'''PAS.3SG.E''' this -E.NOM.SG tea -NOM.SG well

While the agent may be dropped in a passive clause, it may also be included, using the [[w:Ablative case|ablative case]].

| praescend -'''uēlāre''' ūl -un cav -'''ā''' īliān -'''ā''' hān -un  

|rebuild -'''PFV.PAS.3SG.E''' yonder -E.NOM.SG Cava -'''ABL.SG''' Ilianus -'''C.ABL.SG''' temple -NOM.SG

The passive can also be especially with intransitive verbs to form denote an '''unspecified/generic subject'''.  This structure may is used to make general statements or observations.  Negation for this type uses '''''{{term|mū}}'''''.

| miqu -ītur  

|die -MID.3PL.T

|'They are dead/dying.'}}

| miqu -'''iēlātur'''  

|die -'''PAS.3PL.T'''

|'There are people dead/dying.'}}

| mūδ -erra (se -a) ard -ina inder -is alt -a  

|not.enough -MID.3SG.C (this -C.NOM.SG) wumbo -DAT.PL capital -GEN.SG water -NOM.SG

|'This is not enough water for the people of the capital.'}}

| mūδ -'''ēlārra''' ard -ina inder -is alt -a  

|not.enough -'''PAS.3SG.C''' wumbo -DAT.PL capital -GEN.SG water -NOM.SG

Similarly, the passive can be used to form the ''aversive passive'', denoting an undesirable even or outcome.

| cōmer -ī requ -ent -us fur -'''uēlō''' soper -ī

|home -DAT return -IPFV.PTCP -T.NOM.SG fall -'''PFV.PAS.1SG''' snow -ABL.SG