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→Uses of the subjunctive
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One use of the subjunctive is the '''speculative subjunction''', used when the speaker imagines what potentially may, might, would, or could happen in the present or future or might have happened in the past. Negation for this type uses '''''{{term|mū}}'''''. | One use of the subjunctive is the '''speculative subjunction''', used when the speaker imagines what potentially may, might, would, or could happen in the present or future or might have happened in the past. Negation for this type uses '''''{{term|mū}}'''''. | ||
{{interlinear | box=yes | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top='''''augeārur''' | {{interlinear | box=yes | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top='''''augeārur seun oeliun stērē''''' | ||
| '''aug | | '''aug-eārur''' se-un oel-iun stēr-ē | ||
| '''see | | '''see-MID.SUBJ.3SG.E''' this-E.NOM.SG job-NOM.SG hard-ADV | ||
|'This job | |'This job ''seems'' difficult'}} | ||
{{interlinear | box=yes | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top='''''moeiea''' | {{interlinear | box=yes | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top='''''moeiea osculan ȥānū salva''''' | ||
| '''moei | | '''moei-ea''' oscul-an ȥān-ū salv-a | ||
| '''please | | '''please-SUBJ.3SG.C''' Little.Oscus-ACC.SG gift-ESS.SG book-NOM.SG | ||
|'Little Oscus | |'Little Oscus ''may like'' a book as a gift'}} | ||
The subjunctive may also be used as the '''optative subjunctive''', expressing what the speaker wishes may happen, or wishes had happened. These expresses a weaker or more generalised desire, as opposed to the desiderative mood. Negation for this type uses '''''{{term|mū}}'''''. | The subjunctive may also be used as the '''optative subjunctive''', expressing what the speaker wishes may happen, or wishes had happened. These expresses a weaker or more generalised desire, as opposed to the desiderative mood. Negation for this type uses '''''{{term|mū}}'''''. | ||
{{interlinear | box=yes | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top='''''ciāvis | {{interlinear | box=yes | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top='''''ciāvis mū seus inderī bernus!''''' | ||
| '''c | | '''c-iāvis''' mū se-us inder-ī bern-us | ||
| '''come | | '''come-PFV.SUBJ.3SG.T''' NEG this-T.NOM.SG capital-DAT.SG storm-NOM.SG | ||
| | |'''If only'' this storm hadn't ''come'' to the capital!'}} | ||
The '''jussive subjunctive''' can be used for commands or suggestions for what should happen. It is less direct and far more common than the '''imperative'''. Negation for this type uses '''''{{term|mīm}}'''''. | The '''jussive subjunctive''' can be used for commands or suggestions for what should happen. It is less direct and far more common than the '''imperative'''. Negation for this type uses '''''{{term|mīm}}'''''. | ||
{{interlinear | box=yes | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top='''''ven | {{interlinear | box=yes | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top='''''ven hānō ē vecō veniendō!''''' | ||
| '''v | | '''v-en''' hān-ō e[x] vec-ō ven-iend-ō | ||
| '''go | | '''go-SUBJ.2SG''' temple-DAT.SG against curse-DAT.SG win-GER-DAT | ||
| | |'''You should go'' to the temple to prevail against the curse'}} | ||
Perhaps the most common use of the subjunctive is the '''conditional subjunctive'''. When the subjunctive is used in a subordinate clause (with the verb moving to the final position), it may carry the meaning 'if, when, should, etc..' This can be used both in finite verb forms, and with participles, the former being more popular in Old inscriptions and the later in Classical ones. Negation for this type uses '''''{{term|mīm}}'''''. | Perhaps the most common use of the subjunctive is the '''conditional subjunctive'''. When the subjunctive is used in a subordinate clause (with the verb moving to the final position), it may carry the meaning 'if, when, should, etc..' This can be used both in finite verb forms, and with participles, the former being more popular in Old inscriptions and the later in Classical ones. Negation for this type uses '''''{{term|mīm}}'''''. | ||