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Aeranir: Difference between revisions
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'''P''' represents the [[w:Patient (grammar)|patient]] of a [[w:Transitive verb|transitive verb]], or the person or thing towhich the verb is done, also called the '''direct object''', such as ‘the book’ in ‘the child reads the book.’ '''T''' represents the '''theme''', or the object that is given to someone or something, such as ‘the milk’ in ‘the senator gave the cat some milk.’ These two roles make up the '''accusative argument''', which is marked with the [[w:Accusative case|accusative case]]. Finally, '''R''' represents the '''recipient''', or the person who recieves the theme from the donor, or benefits from the donor's action, with a [[w:Ditransitive verb|ditransitive verb]], also commonly called the '''indirect object''', such as 'the cat' in 'the senator gave the cate some milk.' | '''P''' represents the [[w:Patient (grammar)|patient]] of a [[w:Transitive verb|transitive verb]], or the person or thing towhich the verb is done, also called the '''direct object''', such as ‘the book’ in ‘the child reads the book.’ '''T''' represents the '''theme''', or the object that is given to someone or something, such as ‘the milk’ in ‘the senator gave the cat some milk.’ These two roles make up the '''accusative argument''', which is marked with the [[w:Accusative case|accusative case]]. Finally, '''R''' represents the '''recipient''', or the person who recieves the theme from the donor, or benefits from the donor's action, with a [[w:Ditransitive verb|ditransitive verb]], also commonly called the '''indirect object''', such as 'the cat' in 'the senator gave the cate some milk.' | ||
Aeranir verbs conjugate their endings to agree with the most oblique argument in a clause. That means the '''subject''' of an '''intransitive verb''' (e.g. '''''claud<u>iȥ</u>'''''; '<u>I</u> laugh'), the '''patient''' of a '''transitive verb''' (e.g. '''''aug<u>en</u>te'''''; 'I look at <u>you</u>'), or the '''recipient''' of a '''ditransitive verb''' (e.g. '''''ȥav<u>ī</u>ȥe salvae'''''; 'you all gave <u>me</u> the books'). | Aeranir verbs conjugate their endings to agree with the most oblique argument in a clause. That means the '''subject''' of an '''intransitive verb''' (e.g. '''''claud<u>iȥ</u>'''''; '<u>I</u> laugh'), the '''patient''' of a '''transitive verb''' (e.g. '''''aug<u>en</u>te'''''; 'I look at <u>you</u>'), or the '''recipient''' of a '''ditransitive verb''' (e.g. '''''ȥav<u>ī</u>ȥe salvae'''''; 'you all gave <u>me</u> the books'). | ||
{{interlinear | box=yes | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top='''''mollī cōmus''''' | |||
| moll-<u>ī</u> <u>cōmus</u>-Ø | |||
| leak-<u>3SG.E</u> <u>house</u>-NOM.SG | |||
|'The house is leaking'}} | |||
{{interlinear | box=yes | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top='''''requiste cobtin nuiun''''' | |||
| requ-<u>is</u><nowiki>=</nowiki>te <u>cobt</u>-in nui-un | |||
| return-<u>3SG.C</u><nowiki>=</nowiki>1SG <u>hat</u>-ACC.SG 2SG.POS.PRO-T.ACC.SG | |||
|'I'm giving back your hat'}} | |||
{{interlinear | box=yes | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top='''''anembtāsnemū sōlī nimentī sēdīlī''''' | |||
| anem-<u>btās</u><nowiki>=</nowiki>ne<nowiki>=</nowiki>mū sōl-ī nim-ent-ī <u>sēdīl</u>-ī | |||
| send-POT.<u>3SG.T</u><nowiki>=</nowiki>2SG<nowiki>=</nowiki>INTERR clothing-ACC.PL new-IPFV.PTCP-T.ACC.SG <u>Sedil</u>-DAT.SG | |||
|'Can you send Sedil the new clothes?'}} | |||
It should be noted that a verb in the [[w:Active voice|active voice]] must always have the maximum number of arguments according to its inherent transitivity. This means, for example, that one can never say 'John eats.' Because 'to eat' is transitive, there must be a patient, or direct object, e.g. 'John eats food.' However, there are a number of valancy dropping operations available in Aeranir to allow various arguments to be dropped, which are discussed in the section on [[w:Voice (grammar)|voice]]. | |||
Additional arguments can be expressed with [[w:Clitic|pronominal clitics]] attached to the end of a verb in independant clauses and to the beginning in dependant ones (e.g.'''''augen<u>te</u>'''''; '<u>I</u> look at you,' '''''ȥāvī<u>ȥe</u> salvae'''''; '<u>you all</u> gave me the books'), however these are not considered part of a verbs conjugation, and are optional, especially if the information can be assumed or is known between speakers. | Additional arguments can be expressed with [[w:Clitic|pronominal clitics]] attached to the end of a verb in independant clauses and to the beginning in dependant ones (e.g.'''''augen<u>te</u>'''''; '<u>I</u> look at you,' '''''ȥāvī<u>ȥe</u> salvae'''''; '<u>you all</u> gave me the books'), however these are not considered part of a verbs conjugation, and are optional, especially if the information can be assumed or is known between speakers. | ||