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The consonants 'g', 'h', 'm' and 'n' are used with other a finite amount of other consonants to form further graphemes that represent distinct sounds. Moreover, consonant sound realizations change based on position in the syllable. Therefore, a consonant typically varies depending on whether it lies in the onset of a syllable or the coda. Moreover, for the semivowel consonants representing the sounds /j/ and /w/ are represented by their vowel forms 'i' and 'w' when preceding a vowel and after a consonant, and by 'gh' and 'mh' otherwise, respectively. When preceding 'g', the consonants 'm' and 'n' become nonsyllabic nasalized velar and palatal approximants /j̯̃/ and /ɰ̯̃/, respectively. | The consonants 'g', 'h', 'm' and 'n' are used with other a finite amount of other consonants to form further graphemes that represent distinct sounds. Moreover, consonant sound realizations change based on position in the syllable. Therefore, a consonant typically varies depending on whether it lies in the onset of a syllable or the coda. Moreover, for the semivowel consonants representing the sounds /j/ and /w/ are represented by their vowel forms 'i' and 'w' when preceding a vowel and after a consonant, and by 'gh' and 'mh' otherwise, respectively. When preceding 'g', the consonants 'm' and 'n' become nonsyllabic nasalized velar and palatal approximants /j̯̃/ and /ɰ̯̃/, respectively. | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center" | |||
{| | |+ <b>Adwan consonant inventory<b> | ||
|- | |||
! | ! || Bilabial || Labiodental || Dental || Alveolar || Retroflex || Palatal || Velar | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Nasal | ||
| m | | <b><i>m</i></b> /m/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| n | | <b><i>n</i></b> /n/ | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! | ! Plosive | ||
| p b | | <b><i>p</i></b> /p/, <b><i>b</i></b> /b/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| t d | | <b><i>t</i></b> /t/, <b><i>d</i></b> /d/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | <b><i>tg</b></i> /cç/, <b><i>dg</b></i> /ɟʝ/ | ||
| k g | | <b><i>c</i></b> /k/, <b><i>g</i></b> /g/<sup>1</sup> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Fricative | ||
| ɸ β | | <b><i>ph</b></i> /ɸ/, <b><i>bh</b></i> /β/ | ||
| f v | | <b><i>pg</b></i> /f/, <b><i>bg</b></i> /v/ | ||
| θ ð | | <b><i>th</b></i> /θ/, <b><i>dh</b></i> /ð/ | ||
| s | | <b><i>s</i></b> /s/ | ||
| ʂ ʐ | | <b><i>rh</b></i> /ʂ/, <b><i>rg</b></i> /ʐ/ | ||
| | | <b><i>cg</b></i> /ç/ | ||
| x | | <b><i>ch</b></i> /x/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Approximant | ||
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| j | | <b><i>gh</b></i> /j/, <b><i>nh</b></i> /j̃/<sup>2</sup> | ||
| w | | <b><i>mh</b></i> w, <b><i>mg</b></i> /w̃/<sup>2,3</sup>/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Tap | ||
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| ɾ | | <b><i>r</i></b> /ɾ/ | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! | ! Lateral fricative | ||
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| ɬ ɮ | | <b><i>lh</i></b> /ɬ/, <b><i>lg</b></i> /ɮ/ | ||
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| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Lateral approximant | ||
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| | | | ||
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| l | | <b><i>l</i></b> /l/ | ||
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|} | |} | ||
# Under gemination, /g/ undergoes lenition to /ɣ/ such that the segment /g.g/ -> /ɣː/, i.e., /gː/ does not occur. | |||
# /j̃ w̃/ only occur in falling diphthongs. | |||
# /w̃/ is realized as [ɰ̃] | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||