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| :''I stabbed him with the stone.'' | | :''I stabbed him with the stone.'' |
| was reinterpreted as something like "The stone was my stabbing-instrument [for piercing] him". | | was reinterpreted as something like "The stone was my stabbing-instrument [for piercing] him". |
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| ==Vocabulary==
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| *''√bsang'': kin, family
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| *''√nes'': to hide
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| *''√kur'': young
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| *''√klan'': time, eon
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| *''√Xwir'': good
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| **Wdm. ''wier'' 'beautiful'
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| *''√śnuX'': near
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| *''√xtər'': swim
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| *''√pal'': companion, together
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| *''√nməy'': to fall
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| *''√cŋet'': green, grow
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| *''√tpik'': know
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| *''√yref'': to roll
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| *''√fcam'': to call
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| *''√wtaf'': to die
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| *''√tak'': to sit on
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| *''√lun'': come
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| *''√cag'': value, important, salient
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| *''√ħnob'': use, tool
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| *''√sbad'': form, become
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| *''√rkam'': to dwell
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| *''√rŋəb'': dear, beloved
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| *''√fur'': drink
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| *''√srob'': true, firm
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| *''√das'': strong
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| *''√ćHog'': cold
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| *''√nsid'': acquire, get
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| *''√śap'': poke
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| *''päm'': this; that
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| *''sey'': here
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| *''piy'': there
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| *''√bric'': speak
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| *''√Qoŋ'': good
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| *''√daQ'': to get together
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| **Wdm ''to'' 'good'
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| *''√blek'': shine, radiate
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| **Wdm ''pleach''
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| *''√Qked'': soft
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| *''√snak'': 'to separate'
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| **Tseer: ''taake'' 'thought'
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| **Wdm ''snoach'': 'to learn'
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| *''√snek'': 'to bite'
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| *''√ŋac'': 'in front'
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| *''√ŋic'': 'empty'
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| *''√yriš'' 'hear'
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| **Wdm. ''riș'' 'hear ye!'
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| *''√Qpor'' 'high'
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| **Wdm. ''ăfur'' 'noble'
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| **Tseer ''ofør'' 'high'
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| *''√mnot'' 'to produce, to grow, to give birth'
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| **''*mont-is''
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| ***Wdm ''muad''
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| *''√ptek'' 'to inhabit, to occupy, to be at'
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| **''*p{{angbr|aH}}tek''
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| ***Wdm ''fteach'' 'body'
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| *''√dmäy'' 'to drop, to grant'
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| **PAsh ''dàrmày'' 'rain'
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| ***Wdm. ''trămäy''
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| *''*√ptsun'' 'to live'
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| *''*ləkof'' = human, person
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| *''√mdəŋ'' 'to struggle, to fight'
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| **Wdm. ''mătäng'' 'war'
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| *''*ṛ-'': nonvolitional
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| **Wdm ''-ră-'', ''-năr-''
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| *''√tkä' '' 'to go'
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| **''*ṛ-tkä''
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| ***Windermere ''răchta'' 'to die'
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| ***Tseer ''adhka'' 'to go'
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| ***Tsjoen ''tjo''
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| *''ksìH''
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| **Wdm. ''csie'' 'star'
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| *''śkey''
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| **Wdm. ''scey'' 'bark'
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| *''məmə'' 'mother'
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| **Wdm. ''ăma''
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| *''Qeb'' 'father'
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| **Wdm. ''ep''
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| *''lban'' 'water'
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| **PAsh ''àlbon''
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| ***Wdm. ''blon''
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| *** Tseer olban, Modern nban
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| **Häskä əlfon
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| *''√žän'' 'to say'
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| **PAsh ''šan'' 'to utter, to say'; ''šàn'' 'word'
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| ***Proto-Tumhanic ''hjàn'' 'word'
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| ****Schong ''jahn''
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| ****Æ ''jov''?
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| ***Wdm. ''șän''
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| *''√lgän'' 'straight, upright'
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| **PAsh ''àlgan''
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| ***Wdm. ''glan'' 'straight'
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| ***Tseer ''ookhan''
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| *''mi'' 'general oblique marker'; became 'in, at' in many daughter languages.
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| *''√kQed'' 'to disconnect' (some relate this to Clofabosin ''cedovir'' 'to think')
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| *''√śel'' 'split'
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| **śel-s
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| ***Wdm. ''łeal'' 'half'
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| *''√bəd'' 'round'
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| **Wdm. ''pat''
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| *''√ʔbəl'' 'to think, mind'
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| *''√kap'': 'to reason'
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| *''√ŋsaʔ'' 'bright, clean'
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| ====Numbers====
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| 1-6: aHdan, aHrət, atsiw, amsHək, amsHut, dək
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| Honorific forms for 1-5: Hadna, Hərta, tsiwa, msəHka, msuHta
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| ====TODO: Roots from Netagin====
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| *''z-ħ-m'': praise, honor
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| *''f-ś-r'': agree, blend
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| *''n-b-ś'': courage
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| *''f-s-t'': step, stage
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| *''þ-ŋ-b'': measure
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| *''s-w-ħ'': king, rule
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| *''ʔ-t-r'': punish
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| *''g-b-n'': say
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| *''k-l-k-l'': tile
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| *''b-s-ŋ'': clan, family
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| *''b-c-3'': force, coerce
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| *''r-ʔ-b'': criticize
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| *''f-s-k'': beast
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| *''k-l-d'': agree
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| *''z-l-n'': comfort, solace
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| *''y-d-ś'': compare, similar, metaphor
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| *''w-d-r'': equal, same
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| *''ħ-g-r'': different
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| *''m-g-þ'': assign
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| *''k-b-ć'': shield, fortress
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| *''k-z-r'': hand over
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| *''c-b-s'': show, exhibit
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| *''ħ-r-x'': open
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| *''þ-k-s'': good, great
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| *''s-n-l'': help
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| *''f-þ-ʔ'': proud
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| *''s-f-n'': bold
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| *''l-r-y'': wait
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| *''k-š-n'': stop, settle
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| *''ś-r-g'': develop, evolve
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| *''d-ŋ-n'': lowly, debased, humiliate
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| *''ŋ-þ-ħ'': stretch, deform
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