Chlouvānem/Positional and motion verbs: Difference between revisions

Positional and motion verbs are a semantically and syntactically defined category of [[Chlouvānem]] verbs that constitutes one of the most complex parts overall of Chlouvānem grammar, as a (relatively) small number of roots is used for most meanings related to state and movement in space and time, meanings which are specified with the use of many different prefixes, most of which are analogues to English prepositions. Other Lahob languages (including also Chlouvānem's own daughter languages) possess similar systems, even if time has modified and, often, simplified the original system; the Chlouvānem system is essentially the same as the one reconstructed for Proto-Lahob.

Positional verbs (''jalyadaradhūs'', pl. ''jalyadaradhaus'') translate verbs such as "to stay", "to be seated", and "to lie", (as well as their middle and causative forms) with prefixes that are semantically comparable to English prepositions. Motion verbs (''duldaradhūs'', pl. ''duldaradhaus'') are more similar to English, being satellite-framed (the satellite, in the Chlouvānem case, being the prefix), but there is an added complexity because motion verbs can be ''monodirectional'' (''emibugirdaradhūs'', ''-aus'') or ''multidirectional'' (''tailgirdaradhūs'', ''-aus''), and most verbs come in pairs, each member of a pair being used in different contexts.

==Positional verbs (''jalyadaradhaus'')==

Positional verbs are semantically static verbs (dynamic in their causative and interior forms) that are formed by a base root that never appears alone otherwise and a prefix; the root denotes three basic states of position (to be upright, to be seated, to lie), while 24 different prefixes convey the meaning of placement (on, over, under, near, far...). A subset of 10 prefixes (plus a ∅- prefix corresponding to many of the other ones) is also used to build demonstratives.