Lebanese: Difference between revisions

This form is usually used to mark the [[w:Perfective aspect|perfective aspect]] or the past tense but also for the [[w:Optative mood|optative]], though the pattern is a bit different (𐤇𐤉𐤃̇𐤔 ''ḥeddēs'' - "may he restore" from ''ḥiddēs'' - "he restored"). The verb agrees with its subject in person, number, and (for the second-person and third-person singular), gender. The corresponding pronouns are not necessarily used in conjunction. The pronominal suffixes can be attached directly to the stem in order to mark a direct object (for example: ''peˁalato'' - "she made it"). From the suffixing form the [[w:Pluperfect|pluperfect]] is derived: 𐤀𐤇𐤍𐤉𐤊 𐤇𐤔𐤁𐤕𐤉 𐤊𐤍 𐤐𐤏𐤋𐤀 ''anīkh ḥasovti kon paˁolo'' "I thought he had done it".

The prefixing form of the verb comprises three subforms (usually simply called '''A'''', '''B''' and '''C''', examples of which are ''yipʿol'' for '''A''' and '''B''' and ''yipʿola'' for the '''C''' form, which also has and extended form ''yipʿalan''). These three forms were used on different occasions. The prefixing form A expresses the imperfective aspect and usually marks the present tense. The prefixing form B is used only to mark the past tense and the perfective aspect (similarly to the suffixing form, but it is placed in a sentence-initial position instead). It also can express the subjunctive and optative, but is rarely used for that purpose, usually together with a proclitic particle ''l-'', 𐤋𐤔𐤌𐤀 ''lismaʿ'' "may he hear". The prefixing form C marks cohortative and optative. Its extended form has the same meaning as a simple form and is usually used only with verbs that don't have a distinction between B and C forms.