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Common (na Xafen): Difference between revisions
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The phoneme /m/ systemically assimilates to an alveolar place of articulation (becomes [n]) if followed by a dental or alveolar consonant. | The phoneme /m/ systemically assimilates to an alveolar place of articulation (becomes [n]) if followed by a dental or alveolar consonant. | ||
[m] > [n] / __[+dental] | [m] > [n] / __[+dental]<br> | ||
[m] > [n] / __[+alveolar] | [m] > [n] / __[+alveolar] | ||
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The alveolar nasal /n/ tends to assimilate to the place of articulation of anything that follows it. It becomes /m/ before labials /f/ or /p/ or labialized semivowel /w/, /ɲ/ before palatal /j/, and /ŋ/ before velar /k/ (but not /w/). | The alveolar nasal /n/ tends to assimilate to the place of articulation of anything that follows it. It becomes /m/ before labials /f/ or /p/ or labialized semivowel /w/, /ɲ/ before palatal /j/, and /ŋ/ before velar /k/ (but not /w/). | ||
[n] > [m] / __[+labial] | [n] > [m] / __[+labial]<br> | ||
[n] > [ɲ] / __[+palatal] | [n] > [ɲ] / __[+palatal]<br> | ||
[n] > [ŋ] / __[+velar] | [n] > [ŋ] / __[+velar] | ||
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The glottal approximant /h/ assimilates to the approximate place of articulation of any vowel that precedes it - it is essentially pulled forward by the preceding vowel to save effort in making the constriction for the /h/ sound. It becomes /ç/ after front vowels or /ə/, and /x/ after back or low vowels. This allophony can be observed when word beginning with /h/ is compounded with another word in front of it which ends in a vowel. Some speakers also exhibit some assimilation to the place of articulation of preceding consonants, but this isn't taught as standard pronunciation. | The glottal approximant /h/ assimilates to the approximate place of articulation of any vowel that precedes it - it is essentially pulled forward by the preceding vowel to save effort in making the constriction for the /h/ sound. It becomes /ç/ after front vowels or /ə/, and /x/ after back or low vowels. This allophony can be observed when word beginning with /h/ is compounded with another word in front of it which ends in a vowel. Some speakers also exhibit some assimilation to the place of articulation of preceding consonants, but this isn't taught as standard pronunciation. | ||
[h] > [ç] / V[+front]__ | [h] > [ç] / V[+front]__<br> | ||
[h] > [ç] / V[+central]__ | [h] > [ç] / V[+central]__<br> | ||
[h] > [x] / V[+low]__ | [h] > [x] / V[+low]__<br> | ||
[h] > [x] / V[+back]__ | [h] > [x] / V[+back]__ | ||