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====Translating ‘of’==== | ====Translating ‘of’==== | ||
Where an English speaker would use ‘of’ to describe an association or something being characterized by | * Where an English speaker would use ‘of’ to describe an association or something being characterized by something else, a Brooding speaker would use the preposition '''''[[Contionary: e#Brooding|e]]'''''. This would include phrases like “weapon of choice,” “friend of mine,” and “man of wealth and taste.” | ||
something else, a Brooding speaker would use the preposition '''''[[Contionary: e#Brooding|e]]'''''. This would include phrases like “weapon of | |||
choice,” “friend of mine,” and “man of wealth and taste.” | |||
When an English speaker would use ‘of’ to indicate something that is comprised of something, like “book of words” | * When an English speaker would use ‘of’ to indicate something that is comprised of something, like “book of words” or “band of thieves,” the Brooding speaker would use '''''[[Contionary: ese#Brooding|ese]]'''''. | ||
or “band of thieves,” the Brooding speaker would use '''''[[Contionary: ese#Brooding|ese]]'''''. | |||
In indicating origin as in “Robin of Locksley,” a Brooding speaker would use '''''[[Contionary: se#Brooding|se]]'''''. | * In indicating origin as in “Robin of Locksley,” a Brooding speaker would use '''''[[Contionary: se#Brooding|se]]'''''. | ||
Finally, where an English speaker would use ‘of’ to indicate possession (as an equivalent to the possessive ''’s''), | * Finally, where an English speaker would use ‘of’ to indicate possession (as an equivalent to the possessive ''’s''), the [[Brooding#Possessives|Possessive Case]] is used. | ||
the [[Brooding#Possessives|Possessive Case]] is used. | |||
====Translating ‘from’==== | ====Translating ‘from’==== | ||
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inside.” Brooding uses different terms for these two usages. | inside.” Brooding uses different terms for these two usages. | ||
To indicate origin of an action or motion, '''''[[Contionary: aazraw#Brooding|aazraw]]''''' is used. | * To indicate origin of an action or motion, '''''[[Contionary: aazraw#Brooding|aazraw]]''''' is used. | ||
To indicate origin in general, the preposition '''''[[Contionary: se#Brooding|se]]''''' would be used instead. | * To indicate origin in general, the preposition '''''[[Contionary: se#Brooding|se]]''''' would be used instead. | ||
For the more archaic use of “from” involving making something out of something else (as in “something from | * For the more archaic use of “from” involving making something out of something else (as in “something from nothing”), using '''''[[Contionary: tichee#Brooding|tichee]]''''' (so literally “something using nothing”) is better. | ||
nothing”), using '''''[[Contionary: tichee#Brooding|tichee]]''''' (so literally “something using nothing”) is better. | |||
====Translating ‘to’==== | ====Translating ‘to’==== | ||
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The word “to” gets used a lot in English, but the uses are split up in Brooding. | The word “to” gets used a lot in English, but the uses are split up in Brooding. | ||
In situations involving motion, and the subject going somewhere, such as “going to the store,” Brooding uses the | * In situations involving motion, and the subject going somewhere, such as “going to the store,” Brooding uses the motion preposition of '''''[[Contionary: aa#Brooding|aa]]'''''. | ||
motion preposition of '''''[[Contionary: aa#Brooding|aa]]'''''. | |||
However, in those cases in English in which “to” would indicate a recipient of some sort for, Brooding uses '''''[[Contionary: pa#Brooding|pa]]'''''. | * However, in those cases in English in which “to” would indicate a recipient of some sort for, Brooding uses '''''[[Contionary: pa#Brooding|pa]]'''''. For example “I hit the ball to her,” '''''[[Contionary: pa#Brooding|pa]]''''' is used to translate “to.” In English this is often referred to as the indirect object. | ||
For example “I hit the ball to her,” '''''[[Contionary: pa#Brooding|pa]]''''' is used to translate “to.” In English this is often referred to as the indirect | |||
object. | |||
====Translating ‘for’==== | ====Translating ‘for’==== | ||
In determining which preposition to use in place of “for,” the key difference is whether the | In determining which preposition to use in place of “for,” the key difference is whether the noun in the | ||
phrase is a benefactor or just a recipient. | phrase is a benefactor or just a recipient. | ||
For example, in “I made a cake for | * For example, in “I made a cake for Jane,” “Jane” benefits from it, so '''''[[Contionary: skau#Brooding|skau]]''''' would be used. | ||
would be used. | |||
In the case of a phrase like “I have a letter for | * In the case of a phrase like “I have a letter for Dave,” “Dave” is the recipient, and '''''[[Contionary: pa#Brooding|pa]]''''' would be used. | ||
In something like “for example,” you’d use an adverbial phrase (see [[Brooding#Adverbs|Adverbs]]) with '''''[[Contionary: otlai#Brooding|otlai]]''''' to something like “in the manner of an example.” | * In something like “for example,” you’d use an adverbial phrase (see [[Brooding#Adverbs|Adverbs]]) with '''''[[Contionary: otlai#Brooding|otlai]]''''' to something like “in the manner of an example.” | ||
====Translating ‘by’==== | ====Translating ‘by’==== | ||
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“By” can be used to describe both location and means in English. | “By” can be used to describe both location and means in English. | ||
In Brooding, location would use '''''[[Contionary: cheema#Brooding|cheema]]''''' to mean “near” instead. | * In Brooding, location would use '''''[[Contionary: cheema#Brooding|cheema]]''''' to mean “near” instead. (Use this if you can substitute “next to” or “beside.”) | ||
To describe means, as in “by hook or by crook,” Brooding uses '''''[[Contionary: tichee#Brooding|tichee]]'''''. | * To describe means, as in “by hook or by crook,” Brooding uses '''''[[Contionary: tichee#Brooding|tichee]]'''''. (Use this if you can substitute “using” or “by means of.”) | ||
To describe authorship or creation of a product, as in “a play by William Shakespeare,” use '''''[[Contionary: se#Brooding|se]]'''''. | * To describe a path of motion, as in “by way of,” Brooding uses '''''[[Contionary: aati#Brooding|aati]]'''''. (Use this if you can substitute “by way of” or “via.”) | ||
* To describe authorship or creation of a product, as in “a play by William Shakespeare,” use '''''[[Contionary: se#Brooding|se]]'''''. | |||
== Verbs == | == Verbs == |