Pulqer: Difference between revisions

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656 bytes removed ,  12 April 2020
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As described above, the '''infinitive''' is formed in all cases by the stem + the thematic vowel + ''-l''.
As described above, the '''infinitive''' is formed in all cases by the stem + the thematic vowel + ''-l''.


The '''past participle''' is formed in the same way for ''E'' and ''I'' verbs, replacing ''l'' with ''t'', e.g. ''amet'' "loved", ''katit'' "fallen".
The '''past participle''' is formed in the same way, replacing ''l'' with ''t'', e.g. ''amet'' "loved", ''katit'' "fallen", ''nakyt'' "injured".


''Y'' verbs add ''-t'' directly to the stem, causing the following changes:
:: <small>Note: some old past participles are retained but have diverged in meaning from their original verbs, e.g. ''aret'' "correct, just; straight" < ''arekyl'' "rule". </small>
* Stem-final ''p, k'' are lost, e.g. ''arek-t- > aret'' "ruled", ''pip-t- > pit'' "drank"
* Stem-final ''t'' merges to become ''(t)s'', e.g. ''krat-t- > kras'' "closed", ''tient-t- > tients''


The '''present participle''' is formed by ''-ant'' in the ''E'' verbs and by ''-ent'' everywhere else.
The '''present participle''' is formed by ''-ant'' in the ''E'' verbs and by ''-ent'' everywhere else.
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! style="width: 100px"  | Mood
! style="width: 100px"  | Mood
! style="width: 100px"  | Tense
! style="width: 100px"  | Tense
! style="width: 100px"  | ''apir'' "have"
! style="width: 100px"  | ''apil'' "have"
! style="width: 100px"  | ''patir'' "go"
! style="width: 100px"  | ''patil'' "go"
! style="width: 100px"  | Y-Verbs
|-
|-
! rowspan="2;" | Indicative
! rowspan="2;" | Indicative
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| ''a'' (sg.) <br> ''an'' (pl.)
| ''a'' (sg.) <br> ''an'' (pl.)
| ''pa'' (sg.) <br> ''pan'' (pl.)
| ''pa'' (sg.) <br> ''pan'' (pl.)
| -Ø (sg.) <br> ''-un'' (pl.)
|-
|-
! Past
! Past
| ''apip'' (sg.) <br> ''apipan'' (pl.)
| ''apip'' (sg.) <br> ''apipan'' (pl.)
| ''patip'' (sg.) <br> ''patipan'' (pl.)
| ''patip'' (sg.) <br> ''patipan'' (pl.)
| ''ip'' (sg.) <br> ''-ipan'' (pl.)
|-
|-
! rowspan="2;" | Subjunctive
! rowspan="2;" | Subjunctive
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| ''apir'' (sg.) <br> ''apiren'' (pl.)
| ''apir'' (sg.) <br> ''apiren'' (pl.)
| ''patir'' (sg.) <br> ''patiren'' (pl.)
| ''patir'' (sg.) <br> ''patiren'' (pl.)
| -''yr'' (sg.) <br> ''-(y)ren'' (pl.)
|-
|-
! Past  
! Past  
| ''apis'' (sg.) <br> ''apisen'' (pl.)
| ''apis'' (sg.) <br> ''apisen'' (pl.)
| ''patis'' (sg.) <br> ''patisen'' (pl.)
| ''patis'' (sg.) <br> ''patisen'' (pl.)
| -''is'' (sg.) <br> ''-isen'' (pl.)
|-
|-
! colspan="2;" | Present Participle
! colspan="2;" | Present Participle
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|}
|}


 
To Be
 
 
 


{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|-
! style="width: 100px" rowspan="2;" |  
! style="width: 100px" rowspan="2;" | ''eśyl'' <br> "to be"
! colspan="2;" | Indicative
! colspan="2;" | Indicative
! colspan="2;" | Subjunctive
! colspan="2;" | Subjunctive
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! 1s
! 1s
| ''su''
| ''su''
|  
| rowspan="3;" | ''ser''
| ''si''
| rowspan="3;" | ''si''
|
| rowspan="3;" | ''ses''
|-
|-
! 2s
! 2s
| ''se''
| ''se''
|
| ''si''
|
|-
|-
! 3s
! 3s
| ''seśt''
| ''seśt''
|
| ''sit''
|
|-
|-
! 1p
! 1p
| ''sum''
| ''sum''
|
| rowspan="3;" | ''seran''
| ''sim''
| ''sim''
|
| rowspan="3;" | ''sesen''
|-
! 2p
| ''set''
|
| ''sit''
|
|-
! 3p
| ''sunt''
|
| ''sint''
|
|}
 
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! style="width: 100px" rowspan="2;" |
! colspan="2;" | Indicative
! colspan="2;" | Subjunctive
|-
! style="width: 100px" | Present
! style="width: 100px" | Past
! style="width: 100px" | Present
! style="width: 100px" | Past
|-
! 1s
| ''a''
|
|
|
|-
! 2s
| ''se''
|
|
|
|-
! 3s
|
|
|
|
|-
! 1p
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
! 2p
! 2p
| ''set''
| ''set''
|
| ''sit''
| ''sit''
|
|-
|-
! 3p
! 3p
| ''sunt''
| ''sun''
|
| ''sin''
| ''sint''
|
|}
|}


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